Pathogens

Question 1

Pathogen

Answer 1

A pathogen is an infectious agent (germ) that causes disease or illness in a host.

Question 2

Disease

Answer 2

A disease is an abnormal condition affecting the body of an organism that is not caused by an injury.

Question 3

Infectious Disease

Answer 3

Diseases caused by pathogens.

Question 4

Infection

Answer 4

occurs when a pathogen enters the body and begins to reproduce/replicate.

Question 5

Host Virulence

Answer 5

the organism in which a parasite or pathogen does damage.

Question 6

Opportunist

Answer 6

infections that occur more often or are more severe in people with weakened immune systems than in people with healthy immune systems.

Question 7

Communicable

Answer 7

can be passed from one host to another (ie// the flu)

Question 8

Contagious

Answer 8

communicable by contact

Question 9

Local Infection

Answer 9

only in one area

Question 10

Systemic Infection

Answer 10

spread through the body

Question 11

Acute disease

Answer 11

have a rapid onset and recovery (ex// strep throat)

Question 12

Chronic disease

Answer 12

Have a gradual onset and tend to worsen overtime. They may be permanent or last for an extended period of time. (ex// HIV)

Question 13

Endemic

Answer 13

a disease that is ever present in a particular area and occurs at a constant low rates in the population. (ex// malaria)

Question 14

Epidemic

Answer 14

a widespread occurance of an infectious disease in a particular community at a given time. (ex// an unexpectedly high number of people in Niagara get the flu this year)

Question 15

Pandemic

Answer 15

an outbreak of an infectious disease throughout a country or the world. (ex// an unexpectedly high number of people get SARS throughout the world)

Question 16

Sporadic

Answer 16

a disease that pops up ocassionally.(ex// botulism)

Question 17

Modes of Transmission

Answer 17

the passing of a pathogen from an infected host to another organism.

Question 18

Airborne

Answer 18

pathogens that are in the air that are breathed in. (ex// cold, flu, SARS)

Question 19

Waterborne

Answer 19

pathogens that are in water supplies that we drink. (ex// cholera, traveler’s diarrhea)

Question 20

Foodborne

Answer 20

pathogens that are in the food that is eaten. (ex// botulism, salmonella)

Question 21

Vector-Borne

Answer 21

carried by insects because they ofthen feed on blood from different hosts. (ex// mosquitoes, ticks, lice, fleas)

Question 22

Droplet Contact

Answer 22

occurs when diseases are transmitted by contact with droplets from a cough or sneeze.

Question 23

Direct Contact

Answer 23

when transmission occurs by an infected individual touching another individual. (ex// chicken pox, warts)

Question 24

Indirect Contact

Answer 24

occurs when an infected individual touches a surface which is then touched by another individual who contracts disease.

Question 25

Fecal-Oral

Answer 25

an affected person does not wash their hands after going to the bathroom and transfers a pathogen to a food source that is then eaten.

Question 26

Vertical

Answer 26

when an affected mother passes the pathogen on her developing fetus through her bloodstream. Usually sexually transmitted infections (ex// HIV)

Question 27

Iatrogenic

Answer 27

when infections are passed on through medical or cosmetic procedures. (ex// tattoo)