Pathogens

Question 1

bacteria

Answer 1

Are single celled organisms called
Prokaryotes and come in good and bad forms.

Question 2

fungi

Answer 2

Are Eukaryotic and are more closely related to the animal
kingdom so they don’t have chlorophyll or chloroplasts.

They are classified as decomposers and parasites and can be used to make medicines.

The majority of coloured fungi are
toxic to humans and mammals

Question 3

viruses

Answer 3

Are considered neither dead or alive and have a Protein coat instead of a cell wall.

Invades the host cell and takes over its reproduction system, causing it to make copies of the virus inside the host cell.

Question 4

bacteria reproduction

Answer 4

They reproduce best in warm and wet environments using Binary Fisson.

They can develop small rings of DNA called plasmids that
encode the bacteria to become antibiotic resistant.

Due to their rapid reproduction rate, they can develop mutations which can give them an ability to adapt to their changing environment faster.

They can also acquire new genetic material from organisms, which again adds to their ability to adapt faster.

Question 5

fungal reproduction

Answer 5

They use asexual and sexual reproduction methods and grow either in the presence of light or absence of light.

They can be either unicellular (like yeast) or multicellular and can change between the two.

Question 6

viral reproduction

Answer 6

Invades the host cell and takes over its reproduction system, causing it to make copies of the virus inside the host cell by inserting its own genetic material into the cell, causing the cell’s DNA to degrade.

Question 7

Lymphocytes

Answer 7

a type of white blood cell in your lymphatic system

Question 8

Phagocytes

Answer 8

A type of immune cell that can surround and kill microorganisms, ingest foreign material, and remove dead cells.

Question 9

Vector

Answer 9

an organism that carries a pathogen between other organisms without being affected by the disease the pathogen causes.

Question 10

Contagious

Answer 10

something that can be spread from one organism to another

Question 11

antigen

Answer 11

a protein that is found on the surface of a pathogen that triggers an immune response

Question 12

host

Answer 12

organism living in a relationship with another organism

Question 13

parasite

Answer 13

organism that obtains resources from another organism (host) that it lives in or on, and can cause harm to

Question 14

prions

Answer 14

an abnormal and infectious protein that converts normal proteins into prion proteins

Question 15

phagocytosis

Answer 15

The process when a phagocyte surrounds and destroys foreign substances (such as bacteria) and removes dead cells.

Question 16

macrophages

Answer 16

A type of white blood cell that surrounds and kills microorganisms, removes dead cells, and stimulates the action of other immune system cells.