Our Bodies Lines of Defense Flashcards
First line of defense
is a non-specific response (occurs naturally)
skin, saliva, mucus, hair, tears and sweat
second line of defense
is a non-specific response
inflammatory response, fever, shivering, phagocytosis and blood clotting.
third line of defense
B lymphocytes divide into plasma cells to produce chemicals called antibodies that are specific to the invader’s antigens. These antibodies assist in the destruction of the invading pathogen.
Release of Cytotoxic T Cells
Cytotoxic T Cells release a chemical to destroy the infected cell in the presence of antigens on the pathogen. This is a chemical response from the Helper T cell when it identifies that the macrophage has the presence of antigens.
Antibody Production
- Antibodies are proteins created by the B Cells which bind to the specific antigen of the pathogen.
- Antibodies affect the pathogen when binding by preventing their ability to either move, reproduce or cause harm to other cells.
- This binding of a pathogen can cause clumping them together, B Cells sending out signals to phagocytes or just destruction of the cell.
- After the Antibodies have disabled the pathogen, it then allows the macrophages to come and consume it.
Helper T Cells can stimulate the B Cells production of antibodies.
Memory B Cells and Memory T Cells prompt the type of antigen production required for the specific response.
B and T Cell Information
B Cells are white blood cells which can make Antibodies.
B Cells can be activated by Helper T Cells or by free floating antigens in the blood system.
B and T Cell counterparts
B and T cells rely on their counterparts to remind them which antibodies to make.
The counterparts are called Memory B Cells and Memory T Cells, whose job it is to remember previous or new encounters for next time.
How do T cells protect us from disease?
They produce cytokines to directly attack infected or cancerous cells, and stimulate the growth of more T cells.
what is the antigen-antibody complex?
The complex formed by the binding of an antibody to an antigen. Antigen-antibody complexes initiate immune responses.
Where are B and T lymphocytes (white blood cells) produced?
In the bone marrow.
What are memory white blood cells and what are their functions in immunity?
Memory cells that keep a record of every microbe that has entered the body, and can recognise and destroy the microbe quickly if it enters the body again, before it can multiply and make you feel sick.
