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Microbiology > Pathogenicity > Flashcards

Pathogenicity Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What 3 things determine if someone is in good health?

A
  1. Good physical health (BMI)
  2. Mental health
  3. Spiritual health (have a purpose in life)
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2
Q

What’s difference between Pathogenic, Opportunistic pathogen, and virulent?

A

Pathogenic –> ability to cause disease
Opportunistic pathogen –> can become pathogenic in host w/ weak immune system
Virulent –> has HIGH degree to cause infection. (I.e. Ebola 80% morality)

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3
Q

How do we measure Pathogenicity? What does ID50 mean?

A

ID50 –> 50% of affected people will die from it

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4
Q

What are the 4 major pathways?

A

Skin, Mucous membrane, Placenta, Parenteral route (typically IV)

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5
Q

What’s the difference between contamination vs. infection?

A

Contamination –> mere presence of microbes

Infection –> evaded body’s external defenses, multiplied, and established in the body

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6
Q

3 steps

A
  1. Org has to get into host
  2. don’t allow manifest in body,
  3. has to have a constant supply of nut’s (can use RNAi, drugs, antibiotics to interfere with REPL & CRIP & LA)
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7
Q

Skin, Inhalation, Ingestion…which requires more endospores to cause an infection?

A

Ingestion > Inhalation > Skin

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8
Q

List some portals of entry and examples of what could cause it.

A

Resp’y tract (coughing & sneezing)
Gastrointestinal tract (feces & saliva)
Genitourinary tract (urine & vaginal sec’s)
Skin
Blood (arthropods & needles)

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9
Q

What’s the health problem with being pregnant?

A

You are immunocompromised!

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10
Q

What does CNV negative mean?

A

It means your blood is as pure as it gets

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11
Q

What’s the difference between a disease and infection?

A

Anytime there is an infection, there will be inflammation (-itis)
(Diseases don’t have inflammation!)

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12
Q

WHat is etiology?

A

The study of causation

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13
Q

What are immunological, Neoplastic (tumor), Infectious, latrogenic, idiopathic, and nosocomial?

A

Categories of diseases.
Immunological –> hyperactive/hypo active immunity
Neoplastic (tumor) –> abnormal cell growth
Infectious –> caused by an inf
Latrogenic –> caused by med Tx or procedure; are a subgroup of hospital-acquired diseases
Idiopathic –> unknown cause
Nosocomial –> hospital acquired [HospitalAI & CommunityAI]

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14
Q

Which IAs are linked to what malignancies?

A

HPV –> cervical cancer
H. Pylori –> gastric cancer
Hepatitis B –> liver cancer

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15
Q

What is the 3 step process of Infection?

A

Enter host
Establish and grow
Constant supply of nut’s

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16
Q

What should you consume when you have a virus?

A

Zinc and Elderberry

17
Q

What is intoxication in a microbiological perspective?

A

Organisms have produced toxins and now those toxins are affecting us

18
Q

What are the symptoms of intoxication?

A

Only vomiting!

19
Q

What are the symptoms of a food borne illness?

A

Cramps, fever, diarrhea etc etc

20
Q

Why does intoxication have less symptoms than food borne illness?

A

Because in a food borne illness the infection has actually entered host, manifested, and got nut’s

21
Q

What are virulence factors?

A

Molecules expressed and secreted by pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi, and Protozoa) that enable them to achieve something…

22
Q

What are the 3 things to know about Virulence Factors?

A
  1. Cell structure
    Flagella
    Cilia
    Fimbriae
2. Toxins
          Endotoxins - LPS (cause blood to clot / fever / and something else)
          Exotoxins
                  All different
                  Different M.O.A.
  1. Enzymes
    Coagulase (end degrading the plasma to form a clot which helps protect the infectious agent)
    Hyalurmidase (enz degrades something…[listen to audio])
  2. Antiphagocytic Properties
    Capsule
    M-Protein - (surface S. Pyrogenes)
    Protein A - (surface of aureus)
    (Won’t be able to be engulfed)
23
Q

What is an endotoxin?

A

LPS layer!

24
Q

Exotoxins have ____________ of mechanisms.

A

All different types

25
Q

What is the only thing to kill an endotoxin?

A

A dry heat oven (autoclave)

26
Q

Can we make a vaccine for endotoxin?

A

No!

27
Q

What does hyalurmidase do?

A

It breaks down the cell network

28
Q

What does Coagulase mean?E

A

It causes a clot and forms a core which protects the infectious agent and allows it to spread

29
Q

Which fungus causes hallucinations?

A

Ergot toxins (fungi)

30
Q

What can protozoa do when it comes to infections?

A

Can avoid host defenses [audio for more]

31
Q

What can helminths do? (It’s metabolic waste)

A

Interfere with host function.

Microbiology (9 decks)

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