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Microbiology > Innate Immunity > Flashcards

Innate Immunity Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What does susceptible mean?

A

They don’t have any kind of adaptive resistance to that infectious agent

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2
Q

What’s an antigen?

A

Something that gets in the body that doesn’t belong there

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3
Q

What happens if you develop the correct antibodies for a specific antigen?

A

You are protected from having a full blown infection which could be deadly

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4
Q

What’s difference between susceptibility and immunity?

A

No protection vs. Immune!

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5
Q

WHat is innate immunity?

A

The skin and phagocytes

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6
Q

What’s adaptive immunity?

A

Develop resistance to a specific pathogen

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7
Q

What’s difference between innate and adaptive immunity?

A

Innate is 1st and second line of defense and Adaptive is third line of defense; innate is the natural stuff like bacteria; adaptive is antibodies that we develop

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8
Q

How effective is our skin?

A

Very!

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9
Q

What is a flushing mechanism? What are 3 examples?

A

What body does to get rid of things; salivation which has enzymes like lysozyme which breaks down stuff; lacrimation like when dust gets in your eye you tear up; Sneezing is important; vomiting / defecation / serumination (earwax) /

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10
Q

What does the body produce that are anti microbial?

A

Fatty acids like sweat! Sweat cleans the skin

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11
Q

What is lysozyme?

A

Found in tears and saliva and skin; has anti microbial properties; has enzymes that break down [listen to audio];

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12
Q

How would we disrupt gastric juice pH?

How would we disrupt skin pH?

How would we disrupt vaginal secretions pH?

A

Antacid and hyper salivation.

Too many showers;

Douching

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13
Q

What’s important about the lymphatic system?

A

Involved in every single facet of body; helps us clean our body and lubricate it

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14
Q

What is an important [listen to audio]?

A

Macrophages and phagocytes

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15
Q

What is the process of phagocytosis?

A

C hemotaxis –>
A dherence –> and brings it into cell as a vehicle (phagosome) and combines with enzymes and becomes a phagolysozyme
I ngestion –> [listen to audio]
K illing –> kill the organism leaving behind the residual parts of that organism
E limination –> exocytosis and eliminates it from the cell

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16
Q

[listen to audio for the phagocytes table chart thing]

A

.

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17
Q

Why does inflammation occur after getting cut by a knife?

A

Because microorgs got into your skin from like a knife cut. [listen to audio]

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18
Q

What’s the cool thing about the entire way the body can fight infectious agents from an innate perspective?

A

Diapedesis –> the understanding that macrophages (white blood cell that can engulf something listen to audio!) can leave the circulatory system and get into tissues of the body or organs of the body to help fight infections in the body [listen to audio]

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19
Q

Why is a fever good?

A

It means the body is fighting off an infection

20
Q

What is the Major Histocompatibility Complex?

A

MHC

Class I - DNA that labels each cell in our body as “self”

21
Q

What is the role of T4 helper (CD4)?

A

to recognize the “self” and nonself structures;

22
Q

What is Class II of MHC?

A

Antigen presenting cells –> APC:

Tags a cell so T4 helper knows it needs to watch out for it

23
Q

What is the most important part of the adaptive immune system?

A

T4 Helper Cells

24
Q

What does HIV do to our immune system?

A

It kills the T4 helper cells

25
Q

What are interferons?

A

Antiviral properties and anti something proper sites listen to audio];
They interfere with CRIP and LA of mRNA of virus and cancer cells

26
Q

What are the 2 types of Adaptive immunity system?

A

T lymphocytes

Beta lymphocytes

27
Q

Why are they called Tcells?

A

Because they get differentiated in the Thymus

28
Q

What are epitopes (on antigens)?

A

Immune system makes antibodies against these

29
Q

What 3 things is a healthy functioning immune system responsible for?

A
  1. Surveillance of body
  2. [listen to audio]
    3.
30
Q

What doEs MHC do (In general)?

A

Places markers on antigens

31
Q

[know the B cells T cells flow chart from slide]

A

.

32
Q

What’s the major role of T-helper cell?

A

T-cytolytic (inactivation)
T-suppressor (regulation and mod’n of cell mediated immune response)
[One other see slide!]

33
Q

[be able to explain the ‘Activation of CD4+ or T Helper Cells’ diagram!!!

A

[see slide]

34
Q

T-Regulator something something

A

Suppress T cells against self…once the infection is gone they bring down the T-cytolytic cells to normal levels

35
Q

What are basophils, ecinophiles, and neutrophils?

A

Basophils –> involved in allergic
Eosinophiles –> show up for helminths if infections
Neutrophils –> show up for bacterial infections
[listen to audio and study ‘Antibody-Depeendent Cell-mediated Cytotoxicity’ slide]

36
Q

What are NETs (Nonphagocytic Killing - NETs)?

A

Body can form fiber networks to capture nonself entities so that the neutrophils and eosinophils can start to destroy them

37
Q

What are Haptens (Incomplete Ag)?

A

Carry diff parts of the antigen so body can make antibodies (?) [listen to audio]

38
Q

What are immunoglobulins? Name the 5 different classes. List 1. Where they are located and 2. What they do

A
  1. Where located
  2. What they do

M –> IgM: 1. Serum
2. Initiate complement; Lyse MOs; neutralize toxins
A –> IgA: 1. Mucous Membranes
2. Initiate complement; Lyse MOs; neutralize toxins
D –> IgD: 1. On surface of lymphocytes
2. Role as receptor on B-cell; other roles not fully understood
G –> IgG: 1. Serum
2. Initiate complement; Lyse MOs; neutralize toxins; MOST IMPORTANT
E –> IgE: 1. Serum
2. Allergen, Anaphylactic Shock

[listen to audio for more info for each!]

39
Q

What is monoclonal selection?

A

If you’re exposed to something you develop IgG….we then, the body then, can produce a whole bunch of IgG at once which is pretty cool….so if you’ve been exposed to whooping cough and went through the entire process of fighting it off, then you have the antibodies against whooping cough….because of this clinal selection, you will directly assault that antigen! :)
[know antimatically, too!]

40
Q

What can antibodies do to bacteria (?)?

A

Agglutination –> clumps up cells
Initiate complements –>
Help by destroying the cells –>
Can block adhesion –>

41
Q

What are cytokines in general?

A

.

42
Q

What happens with the IgGs the second time you get infected with an antigen?

A

They are raised to a much higher level in order to reduce the effects of that antigen the second time around

43
Q

What does IgG do in general?

A

IgG helps to wake up the entire immune system

44
Q

What population are most susceptible to dying from the flu?

A

The elderly and children because children haven’t develop the correct antibodies and elderly ask about this one I dunno

45
Q

How do we acquire immunity?

A

Naturally (get infected and body comes down with entire process of fighting off the infection)
Natural Passive –> developing fetus something somethin [listen to audio]
Artificially Active –> gives primary exposure of immune response for pieces of infectious agent and treats that part of the vaccine as an infectious agent and does through the he entire process as the first one; long term
Artificial Passive –> if you decide to go to another country and there are certain diseases there, we can give you gamma globulin which is purified IgG from about 1000 individuals….this will give you some short term protection for about 2-3 months and you’ll be protected for all their IgG stuff; Given intramuscularly

[look at slide and listen to audio to ensure info is good]

46
Q

Who made vaccines for flu, polio, and HIV?

A

[listen to slide]

47
Q

What is antisera? What is Antitoxin?

A

Antivenom against rattlesnake

Microbiology (9 decks)

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