Pathogenicity

Question 1

Resident:
Transient:

Answer 1

Resident: stays for a long time
Transient: short stay

Question 2

What is the term for “no microbiota”?

Answer 2

Axenic

Question 3

Microbiota can be parasitic if the bacteria gets where it shouldn’t be. What is this called?

Answer 3

Opportunistic

Question 4

What is the relationship when one benefits and one is unharmed?

Answer 4

Commensalistic

Question 5

Sicknesses from animals are called…

Answer 5

Zoonoses

Question 6

Why are humans “dead end hosts”?

Answer 6

We don’t participate in the life cycle and we don’t give diseases to animals due to proper waste disposal

Question 7

Presence of microbes in or on the body doesn’t necessarily mean you’ll get sick. What is this called?

Answer 7

Contamination

Question 8

Direct contact:
Indirect contact:
Droplet:

Answer 8

Direct: touch the source
Indirect: touch something that touched the source
Droplet: less than 1 meter; coughing, sneezing, talking

Question 9

What can be contracted from eating uncooked meat?

Answer 9

Tapeworms

Question 10

What is the most common entry site of bacteria?

Answer 10

Respiratory tract

Question 11

What is not a “true” portal of entry?

Ex. this happens when you step on a nail

Answer 11

Parenteral route

Question 12

What are the 2 terms we use for adhesion?

Answer 12

Fimbriae and flycocalyx

Question 13

Different organisms have different receptors on their cells, which is why some microbes stick to humans but not dogs. This is called….

Answer 13

Host specificity

Question 14

What is the difference between signs and symptoms?

Answer 14

Signs are measured by an observer whereas symptoms are sensed by the patient only

Question 15

What is the term for having no signs or symptoms?

Answer 15

Asymptomatic or Subclinical

Question 16

Hyaluronidase:
Collagenase:
Coagulase:
Kinase:

Answer 16

Hyaluronidase: glue
Collagenase: breaks down structures of proteins; dissolve collagen
Coagulase: forms blood clot around itself
Kinase: dissolves clot when it’s ready to get out

Question 17

What is the term for presence of toxins in the blood?

Answer 17

Toxemia

Question 18

Exotoxins are mainly gram + but also some gram -, whereas Endotoxins are only ______

Answer 18

Gram -

Question 19

Describe what a true pathogen is.

Answer 19

A pathogen that will cause disease in a healthy individual

Question 20

What is the first stage in disease progression? Describe it.

Answer 20

Incubation: no signs or symptoms

Question 21

What stage in disease progression may or may not happen?

Answer 21

Prodromal

Question 22

Koch's postulates:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Answer 22

1. suspected agent must be in every case of disease
2. agent must be isolated & grow in pure culture
3. cultured agent must cause disease when inoculated into healthy host
4. same agent must be isolated from host