Antibiotics Flashcards
What does B-lactamase (produced by bacteria) do?
Cuts the beta lactam rings
What shuts off protein synthesis and prevents formation of initiative complex?
Linezolid
What causes tuberculosis and has little mechanisms to work against it?
Mycobacteria
What was the first large scale antibiotic?
Chloramphenicol
What does Daptomycin do?
Causes the charge to go away; ions aren’t moving in and out so cell can’t function
What “pokes” holes in the membrane?
Polymyxins
What do Antifolates produce and why are they needed?
Produce folic acid in our diets and they are needed for nucleotide production
What does Rifampin block?
Messenger RNA synthesis
What inhibits DNA synthesis by blocking the things that “unwind” the DNA ahead (to prevent bunching up)?
Quinolones
A site:
P site:
E site:
A site: where tRNA brings the amino acid
P site: peptidyl bond formed between new amino acid and growing polypeptide chain
E site: where it exits the ribosome
Narrow spectrum:
Broad spectrum:
Narrow spectrum: will only work on a limited number of organisms
Broad spectrum: will work on a large amount of organisms
What is the problem with broad spectrum antibiotics?
They are not selectively toxic; could kill good bacteria
What does the “zone of inhibition” indicate?
Bacteria can;t grow here; it is the diameter that surrounds disc
What is the term for the minimum amount of antibiotic we need to INHIBIT the growth of bacteria?
Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)
What is the term for the minimum concentration of a drug that KILLS bacteria?
Minimum bacteriocidal (MBC)
About 0.1% Americans have an anaphylactic reaction to what?
Pinicillin
The superinfection that causes yeast infection and oral thrush is…?
C. albicans
Bacterial transformation:
Bacterial transduction:
Bacterial conjugation:
Bacterial transformation: bacterium has a resistance gene and lets out part into environment
Bacterial transduction: has to do with a virus; bacteriophage is inside of bacterium and transfers resistance
Bacterial conjugation: plasmid is transferred directly to another bacterium via pili
What blocks the A (arrival) site?
Tetracycline and Tigecycline
What do aminoglycosides do?
Interfere with proofreading (incorrect amino acids brought in)
What is the route of administration that involves slow diffusion into the blood vessels?
IM (intramuscular)
What is the route of administration in which the concentration (highest) goes directly into a blood vessel?
IV (intravenous)
