Antibiotics

Question 1

What does B-lactamase (produced by bacteria) do?

Answer 1

Cuts the beta lactam rings

Question 2

What shuts off protein synthesis and prevents formation of initiative complex?

Answer 2

Linezolid

Question 3

What causes tuberculosis and has little mechanisms to work against it?

Answer 3

Mycobacteria

Question 4

What was the first large scale antibiotic?

Answer 4

Chloramphenicol

Question 5

What does Daptomycin do?

Answer 5

Causes the charge to go away; ions aren’t moving in and out so cell can’t function

Question 6

What “pokes” holes in the membrane?

Answer 6

Polymyxins

Question 7

What do Antifolates produce and why are they needed?

Answer 7

Produce folic acid in our diets and they are needed for nucleotide production

Question 8

What does Rifampin block?

Answer 8

Messenger RNA synthesis

Question 9

What inhibits DNA synthesis by blocking the things that “unwind” the DNA ahead (to prevent bunching up)?

Answer 9

Quinolones

Question 10

A site:
P site:
E site:

Answer 10

A site: where tRNA brings the amino acid
P site: peptidyl bond formed between new amino acid and growing polypeptide chain
E site: where it exits the ribosome

Question 11

Narrow spectrum:

Broad spectrum:

Answer 11

Narrow spectrum: will only work on a limited number of organisms
Broad spectrum: will work on a large amount of organisms

Question 12

What is the problem with broad spectrum antibiotics?

Answer 12

They are not selectively toxic; could kill good bacteria

Question 13

What does the “zone of inhibition” indicate?

Answer 13

Bacteria can;t grow here; it is the diameter that surrounds disc

Question 14

What is the term for the minimum amount of antibiotic we need to INHIBIT the growth of bacteria?

Answer 14

Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)

Question 15

What is the term for the minimum concentration of a drug that KILLS bacteria?

Answer 15

Minimum bacteriocidal (MBC)

Question 16

About 0.1% Americans have an anaphylactic reaction to what?

Answer 16

Pinicillin

Question 17

The superinfection that causes yeast infection and oral thrush is…?

Answer 17

C. albicans

Question 18

Bacterial transformation:
Bacterial transduction:
Bacterial conjugation:

Answer 18

Bacterial transformation: bacterium has a resistance gene and lets out part into environment
Bacterial transduction: has to do with a virus; bacteriophage is inside of bacterium and transfers resistance
Bacterial conjugation: plasmid is transferred directly to another bacterium via pili

Question 19

What blocks the A (arrival) site?

Answer 19

Tetracycline and Tigecycline

Question 20

What do aminoglycosides do?

Answer 20

Interfere with proofreading (incorrect amino acids brought in)

Question 21

What is the route of administration that involves slow diffusion into the blood vessels?

Answer 21

IM (intramuscular)

Question 22

What is the route of administration in which the concentration (highest) goes directly into a blood vessel?

Answer 22

IV (intravenous)