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Perio 1 > Pathogenesis of Periodontal DIsease > Flashcards

Pathogenesis of Periodontal DIsease Flashcards

1
Q

Cardinal signs of inflammation

5

A 
Loss of function
Rubor
Tumor
Calor
Dolor
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2
Q

What parts of innate immunity are in Acute inflammation resolution

A

Serum complement

Neutrophil

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3
Q

What parts of immune response are in Chronic inflammation resolution

A

Monocyte/macrophage - Innate

Lymphocytes - Aquired

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4
Q

What happens if Lymphocytes don’t “win”

A

Systemic infection

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5
Q

What is the major cell type of gingiva inflammation

A

PMNs

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6
Q

Histopathologic what happens to fiber network in periodontitis and what does it casue

A

Destruction of collagen in fiber network leading to loss of attachment to root surface

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7
Q

What happens to epithelial cell junctions during periodontal disease

A

Disruption of them

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8
Q

WHat are the histologic symtoms of Initial lesion?

A

1) Exudations from gingival sulcus
2) Presence of fibrin
3) Alteration of most coronal JE
4) Loss of perivascular collagen

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9
Q

WHat are clinical symptoms of initial lesion

A

1) Looks healthy

2) No radiographic bone loss

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10
Q

How long is the initial lesion in stages of periodontal disease

A

2- 4 days

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11
Q

WHat are the histologic symtoms of Early lesion

A

Lymphoid cells below JE

Proliferation of basal cells of JE

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12
Q

What are the clinical symptoms of Early lesion

A

Gingivitis (acute)
BOP
No pocket
No radiograph bone los

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13
Q

How long is the early lesion

A

4 - 7 days

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14
Q

What are the histological symptoms of established lesion

A

Immunoglobulins present

Proliferation, apical migration and lateral extension of JE

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15
Q

What are the clinical symptoms of Established lesion

A

Gingivitis (Chronic)
BOP
No pocket
No radiograph bone loss

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16
Q

What are the clinical symptoms of Advanced lesion

A

Periodontitis
Yes pocket
Alveolar bone loss on radiograph

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17
Q

What are the histological symptoms of Advanced lesion

A

COnversion of distant bone marrow into fibrous CT

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18
Q

How long is advanced lesion

A

> 3 weeks

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19
Q

How long is Established lesion

A

2 - 3 Weeks

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20
Q

Which immune response, innate or acquired are needed for host immune competency?

A

Both :)

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21
Q

What is teh immune response to plaque accumuilation and initiation og gingivitis

A 
Mast Cells
Acute Phase Proteins
Complement
PMNs
ANtibodies
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22
Q

The multipotent cell that makes most immune response cells comes from where?

A

Bone Marrow

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23
Q

Parts of Mast Cell

A

Receptor
IgE
Degranulation
Histamines

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24
Q

What activates Mast Cells

A

Complement C3a

C5a

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25
Q

What induces phagocytosis during inflammatory process

A

WBC chemotaxis through vessel walls

26
Q

CHemicals released from Mast Cells during inflammation

A

Histamine
TNF Alpha
Leukotrienes
Prostaglandins

27
Q

FUnction of HIstamines

A

Increase of permeability of blood vessels

28
Q

TNF Alpha functions

A

Induces fever

29
Q

Leukotrienes function

A

Chemotaxis of leukocytes

30
Q

Prostaglandins function

A

Increase in vascular permeability

31
Q

Acute phase proteins function

A

Proteins whose plasma concentration decreases in response to inflammation.
Postitive - increase
negative - decrease

32
Q

APC increased due to microbial infection

A

1) C-reactive protein

2) Complement

33
Q

C-reactive protein has been shown to be how much more of a risk factor than smoking or High LDL for Myocardial Infarction

A

2-5 fold increased risk

34
Q

What activates complement?

A

Antigen - Antibody interaction

IgG and IgM

35
Q

What is the effect of immunizations on complement?

A

None. No effect!

36
Q

Where is complement made

3

A

Liver
Small Intestine
Macrophages

37
Q

Endotoxins activate which pathway

A

Alternative

38
Q

How does cell lysis occur in complement pathways

A

MAC Complex

39
Q

Once you have C3, what are the stages of complement

A

Inflammation
Opsonization
Cell Lysis

40
Q

If there is no opsonization, then what type of interaction is there?

A

Hydrophobic

Lectin - like

41
Q

Percentage of Neutrophils out of human leukocytes

A

65%

42
Q

Percentage of Lymphocytes out of human leukocytes

A

35%

43
Q

How long is the half life of PMN Cell

A

5-90 days for half life

Short Half-life

44
Q

What type of cell is a PMN

A

Terminal Cell

45
Q

Functions of PMN

3

A

1) Phagocytosis
2) Release of enzymes
3) Release of chemical mediators

46
Q

Movement of PMN steps

A 
Sticks
Squeezes
Chemotaxis
Phagocytosis
Death (apoptosis)
47
Q

What do PMNs stick to ?

A

Endothelium

48
Q

HOW do PMNs stick to endothelium

A

Selectins

Adhesins

49
Q

DIapedesis

A

Passage of cells intact through walls of capillaries

50
Q

Name of enzyme that helps PMN squeeze through capillary wall

A

CD31 Zipper

51
Q

Macrophages/monocytes secrete what attractant fro neutrophils

A

Leukotriene B4

52
Q

Mast cells secrete what attractant for neutrophils

A

Neutrophil chemotactic factor

53
Q

B cells secrete what attractant for neutrophils

A

Interlukin 1

54
Q

PMN Granules

3

A

Azurophilic (prmiary)
Specific ( secondary)
Tertiary

55
Q

What are teh tertiary granules

A

Cathepsin

Gelatinase

56
Q

WHat type of respiration do PMN use

A

Respiratory Bursts

57
Q

How to differentiate PMNs

A

Chemotaxis vs Chemokines

58
Q

Do host risk factors affect neutrophil defect

A

Absolutely

59
Q

What is luekocyte adhesion deficiency

A

a host risk factor

60
Q

What is papillion Lefevre Syndrome

A

A host risk factor

Perio 1 (5 decks)

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