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Perio 1 > Etiology Periodontics > Flashcards

Etiology Periodontics Flashcards

1
Q

Whats in microbial plaque

A 
Bacteria
Fungus
Protozoa
Virus
Mycoplasm
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2
Q

What is the etiologic factor that casues periodontal disease

A

Dental PLaque

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3
Q

Dental Calculus provides what for plaque

A

A surface to attach

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4
Q

Dental calculus provides a surface for the plaque to attach what
2

A

Supragingival calculus

Subgingival Calculus

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5
Q

What 3 bacteria are red complex

A

1) Porphyromonas gingivalis
2) Bacteroides forsythus
3) Treponema denticola

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6
Q

Bacteria grabs unto what?

A

The pellicle

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7
Q

Microbial Co-Aggregation is what?

A

Bacterial receptros allow bacteria to attach to pellicle and each other

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8
Q

Two regulatory compnents in quorum sensing?

A

Transcriptional Activator protein (R protein)

Al molecule produced by sutoinducer synthase

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9
Q

Is the ability to adhere a virulence factor?

A

YES!!

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10
Q

How can bacteria in mouth enter host?

A

ulcerations in epithelium

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11
Q

Alternate name for actinobacillus

A

Aggregatibacter

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12
Q

Pelicle definition

A

Thin bacteria free layer of salivary proteins

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13
Q

What constitutes supragingival plaque

A

Coronal Paque

Marginal Plaque

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14
Q

What are the common infections in the oral cavity

A 
Caries
periapical
Fungal
Viral
Abcesses
Periodontal
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15
Q

Periodontal health def

A

State in which there is no clinical inflammation

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16
Q

GIngivitis def

A

Inflammatory process in the gingival tissues

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17
Q

Periodontitis

A

Inflammation not confined to the gingiva. Invlolves attachment apparatus.. Cementum, PDL, Alveolar bone, and soft tissues

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18
Q

Whats the name of organization that handles public health that Winkler has on slide show

A

NHANES

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19
Q

Kich’s postulates to identify causative agent of infectious disease
4

A

1) Microorganism present in all cases of disease
2) Pathogen can be isolated from host and cultured
3) Pathogen from culture must cause the disease when inoculated into a healthy host
4) Pathogen must be re-isolated from new host and shown to be same pathogen as originally innoculated

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20
Q

Gingivitis takes this long to occur

A

10-21 days

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21
Q

Once hygine start, gingival inflammation goes away in how many days

A

1 week

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22
Q

Gram negative flora shows up when?

A

3-10 days afte rinflammation

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23
Q

How can gingivitis be reversed?

A

By plaque removal!!

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24
Q

Main points of modern plaque hypothesis

2

A

1) Periodontopathic flora necessary but not suciffient for disease
2) Periodontal diseases are specific mixed infection that cause periodontal destruction in the host

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25
Q

Is stress an aquired and environmental risk factor for plaque

A

No

Jk, yes!

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26
Q

Biofilm properties

3

A

1) There are different micro-colonies
2) Microcolonies surrounded by protective matrix
3) Microorganisms in biofilm are resitant to antibiotics, antimicrobias and host response

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27
Q

What color complex is a.a.?

A

Green

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28
Q

Is the green complex an early or late colonizer

A

Early

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29
Q

Steps in formation of plaque biofilm

6

A

1) Association
2) Adhesion
3) Proliferation
4) Micro-colonies
5) Biofilm formation
6) Growth/maturation

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30
Q

Association def

A

Pellicle forms on tooth

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31
Q

Adhesion def

A

bacteria bind to pellicle

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32
Q

how long does it take bacteria to bind to pellicle

A

hours

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33
Q

Growth/maturation def

A

The biofilm develops a primitive circulatory system

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34
Q

Biofilm formation def

A

Microcolonies form complex groups with metabolic advantages

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35
Q

Places in mouth that have the most plaque

A

Most to least:

  • Distal>Mid-buccal>Lingua
  • Posterior>Anterior
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36
Q

Whats the relation b/w poor oral hygine and gingivitis?

A

Strong relation

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37
Q

Whats the relation b/w poor oral hygine and risk for developing periodontitis

A

Not as strong as Poor oral hygine and gingivitis

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38
Q

Is all periodontitis preceded by gingivitis?

A

Yes

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39
Q

Does all gingivitis lead to periodontitis?

A

No

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40
Q

Fimbrae mechanism of action

A

1) Attachemnt

2) Prevention of phagocytosis

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41
Q

Capsule mechanism of action

A

1) Attachment

2) Prevent phagocytosis

42
Q

Endotoxin mechanism of action

A

1) Activation of inflammatory response

2) Bone resorption

43
Q

Initial colonizers attach to what?

A

Pellicle! Not the tooth

44
Q

By attaching, bacteria avoids displacement by what?

A

Gingival Crevicular FLuid

45
Q

What percentage of Americans suffer from gingivitis?

Periodontitis?

A

> 90% gingivitis

50% Perio

46
Q

Formula for periodontal disease

A

Pathogenic flora+ Lack of beneficial flora+susceptible host = Periodontal disease

47
Q

What are the beneficial flora in mouth?

5

A 
Actinomyces sp.
Strep mitis
Strep snaguis
Capnocytophaga sp
V. parvula
48
Q

Characteristic of susceptible host that’s not common sense

A

LPS responsiveness

49
Q

What constitutes subgingival plaque

A

Attached plaque

Unnatached plaque

50
Q

Attached plaque means attached where

A

Tooth
Epithelium
CT

51
Q

What type of plaque is considered panktonic

A

Unnatached plaque

52
Q

In order from most superficial to most deep, whats the order at the bottom of a pocket

A

1) Calculus
2) Attached plaque
3) Unnatached Plaque
4) JE
5) Partially lysed CT fibers
6) Intact CT fibers

53
Q

Attached subgingival plaque def

A

Zone directly attached to pellicle or calculus in the sulcus and pocket

54
Q

Unattached Subgingival plaque def

2

A

1) Zone of subgingival plaque not directly attached to pellicle
2) In direct contact with both JE and sulcular epithelium
3) Located b/w outer position of attached plaque and sulcular epithelium

55
Q

Young supragingival plaque def

A

Mainly gram + cocci and rods.

Some gram - cocci and rods

56
Q

Aged supragingival plaque def

A

An increase in gram - anaerobic bacteria

57
Q

Tooth plaque is aka

A

Attached plaque

58
Q

Epithelial plaque is aka

A

Unattached plaque

59
Q

supragingival plaque has this matrix percentage

A

50%

60
Q

Supragingival flora is mostly this gram stain

A

Gram +

61
Q

Oxygen requirement of most of supragingival plaque

A

Aerobic

62
Q

Metabolism of most of supragingival plaque

A

Carbohydrate

63
Q

Matrix percentage of subgingival plaque

A

very little

64
Q

Flora of subgingival plaque overall mostly gram stainned

A

Gram -

65
Q

Metabolism of subgingival mostly

A

protein

66
Q

Does the toot-associated plaque extend to the JE?

A

NO!

67
Q

Does the Epithelium associated plaque extend to the JE?

A

YES!

68
Q

What type of subgingival plaque is associated with calculus formation and root caries?

A

Tooth associated plaque

69
Q

What type of subgingival plaque is associated with gingivitis and periodontitis?

A

Epithelium associated plaque

70
Q

Gram stain of bacteria in Epithelium associated subgingival plaque

A

Gram +
And
Gram -

71
Q

Bacteria very strongly associated with Periodontal disease

3

A

A.a.
Porphyromonase Gingivalis
Tanner Forsythia

72
Q

Abcess of periodontium casued by 5 bacteria

A
  • Fusobacterium Nucleatum
  • Prevotella Intermedia
  • Bacterioides forsythus
  • Porphyromonas gingivalis
  • Peptostreptococcus micros
73
Q

Bacteria associated with LAP

A

aa
Prevotella intermedia
porphyromonas gingivalis

74
Q

Bacteria associated with Refractory disease

A

T. forsythia
P. gingivalis
P. intermedia
C. recta

75
Q

bacteria associated with ANUG

A

P. intermedia

medium spirochetes

76
Q

bacteria associated with HIV-associated gingivitis

A 
Candida albicans
P. gingivalis
P. intermedia
F. nucleatum
aa
C. recta
77
Q 
AA 
oxygen requirement
gram stain
metabolism
motility
shape
A 
Facultative anaerobe
Gram -
Saccharolytic
non- motile
Coccobacillus
78
Q

colonies with a star center are

A

aa

79
Q

what bacteria has a prevalence of 90% in LAP

A

AA

80
Q

what has a prevalecence of 30-50% in severe adult periodontitis

A

aa

81
Q

Doeas aa have ability to invade epithelial host cells

A

ew, yes

82
Q

what exotoxin does aa have?

A

leukotoxin

83
Q

Leukotoxin from aa does what?

A

kill PMNs and monocytes

84
Q

Is leukotoxin endo or exotoxin

A

exotoxin

85
Q

Effect of LPS release?

A

bone resorption

86
Q

LPS is a endo or exotoxin

A

endotoxin

87
Q

LPS is characteristic of what type of bacteria

A

Gram -

88
Q 
Porphyromonas gingivalis 
Gram stain
Oxygen requirement
motility
metabolism
shape
Color
What cells doe sit invade
A 
Gram -
anaerobic
non-motile
asaccharolytic (proteins)
Bacillus
Black pigmented
Invades epithelial cells
89
Q

Porphyromonas gingivalis 5 beneficial characteristics

A 
can grow at high pH
THick capsue
LPS
FImbriae
Proteinases
90
Q

Tannarella forsythia
gram stain
oxygen requirement
shape

A

Gram -
anaerobic
spindle-shaped/pleomorphic

91
Q

Growth of t. forsythia enhanced by what other organism

A

F. nucleatum

92
Q

What does T. forsythia invade?

A

Epithelial cells

93
Q 
Prevotella inermedia
Gram stain
oxugen req
shape
Color
A

Gram negative
Anaerobiv
Rod
Black

94
Q

What pathogens is elevated in ANUG

A

1) Prevotella intermedia

2) SPirochetes

95
Q

Fusobacterium nucleatum
gram stain
oxygen req
shape

A

Gram neg
anaerobic
spindle-shaped rod

96
Q

What is the most common isolate from sub-gingival samples

A

Fusobacterium nucleatum

97
Q

Campylobacter rectus
gram stain
oxygen req
motility

A

gram neg
anaerobc
motile!

98
Q

What pathogen forms convex spreading colonies on blood agar plates?

A

Campylobacter rectus

99
Q

Does C. rectus make leukotoxin

A

yes!

100
Q 
Peptostreptococcus micros 
gram stain
oxygen req
shape
metabolism
A

Gram POSITIVE
anaerobic
coccus
asaccharolytic

101
Q

Spirochetes
gram stain
oxygen req
shape

A

Gram -
anaerobic
helical shape

Perio 1 (5 decks)

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