Pathogenesis Flashcards
What are the four stages of lesion establishment?
1-inital lesion (2-4 days)
2-Early lesion (4-7 days, acute gingivitis)
3-Established lesion (2-3 weeks, chronic gingivitis)
4-advanced lesion (>3 weeks, periodontitis, pockets form and radiograph shows bone loss)
What are the two types of immune responses?
1-innate (non specific)
2-acquired (adaptive and specific)
What are the 5 immune components of for plaque accumulation response?
1-mast cells 2-acute phase proteins 3-complement 4-PMNs 5-Antibodies
Histamine and leukotrines do what?
-dilates small blood vessels and increases their permeability
-constricts bronchi
(leukotrines also cause chemotaxis of leukocytes)
TNF does what?
recruits granulocytes and induces fever
Prostoglandins do what?
increase vascular permeability and regulate immune responses
What are 6 plasma proteins that increase due to microbial infection? (first 5 are associated with hear disease)
1-C-reactive protein 2-fibrinogen 3-complement 4-mannose-binding protein 5-metal-binding proteins 6-alpha-anititrypsin-anticymotrypsin
Which plasma protein in associated with a 2-5 fold increased risk of MI (Myocardial infarction)
C-reactive protein
What is complement and where is it synthesized?
11 protein glycoprotein that makes up 10% of normal sera that interacts with IgG and IgM. It is made in the liver and small intestine
What are the 3 main types of PMN granules?
1-Azurophilig granules (primary)
2-Specific granules (secondary)
3-Tertiary granules
What % of blood leukocytes are neutrophils?
55-65%
What % of blood leukocytes are Eosinophils?
2-4%
What % of blood leukocytes are basophils?
0-1%
What % of blood leukocytes are monocytes?
3-8%
What % of blood leukocytes are other types?
25-35%
What are 4 types of Professional Antigen Presenting Cells?
1-Macrophages
2-Langerhan cells
3-Dermal dendritic cells
4-B cells
Which CD class receptor binds with MHC I?
CD8 (An increase can cause sjogrens, a decrease causes chronic fatigue)
What cell type is responsible for most of the localized damage in periodontal inflammation?
Fibroblasts
What are 3 main inflammatory mediators that can cause tissue damage in response to sub gingival plaque?
- Cytokines (interleukins)
- Prostanoids
- MMPs
Treatment of periodontal disease often lowers levels of what interleukin?
IL-1
High body fat can also increase IL
IL-2, IL-4 generally increase in what disease?
Periodontal disease
CD4 cells secrete what?
Interleukins
Which interleukin plays a role in bone resorption?
IL-6
IL-7 is secreted by what?
Bone marrow stromal cells
IL-8 stimulates chemotaxis of what?
PMNs (also MMP activity)
IL-9 induces growth of what?
Mast cells
IL-10 inhibits what?
Antigen presenting capacity of monocytes
What helps fight viral infections and inhibits proliferation of osteoblast progenitors?
interferons (IFN)
What activates osteoclasts?
TNF (alpha and beta)
Which 5 factors are Proinflammatory/destructive?
1-IL-1B 2-Tumor Necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) 3-IFN-y 4-Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) 5-MMPs
Which 5 factors are anti-inflammatory/protective?
1-Transforming Growth factor-B (TGF-B) 2-IL-1 Receptor antagonist 3-IL-10 4-IL-4 5-Tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs)
What are 3 major collegians types?
- 1-Fibroblasts
- 8-Neutrophils
- 13
chemically modified Tetracycline and low dose doxycycline inhibit activity of what?
MMPs
Arachidonic acid is found where?
Cell membranes
