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Perio I > Etiology > Flashcards

Etiology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two basic forms of periodontal disease?

A

Gingivitis

Periodontitis

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2
Q

Reversible, inflammation confined to the gingival tissues is called?

A

Gingivitis

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3
Q

Inflammation that is not confined to gingiva and involves attachment apparatus is called?

A

Periodontitis

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4
Q

What three general factors contribute to periodontal disease?

A

Microbial plaque
Genetics
Acquired/environmental factors

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5
Q

Where do most things that enter the free gingival sulcus come through?

A

Junctional epithelium

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6
Q

How much time without hygiene is needed to see the onset of gingivitis?

A

10-21 days

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7
Q

With hygiene how quickly can gingivitis resolve?

A

1 week

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8
Q

What are the main 5 microbes in plaque?

A 
Bacteria
Fungus
Protozoa
Virus
Mycoplasm
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9
Q

What does calculus provide for plaque?

A

Attachment surface

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10
Q

What is quorum sensing in a biofilm?

A

Microbes sensing how many other microbes are in the biofilm

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11
Q

What do early biofilm colonizers recognize?

A

Glycoproteins on the surface of the tooth

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12
Q

Which 3 bacteria are in the red complex?

A
  • porphyromonas gingivalis (G-, non motile)
  • tannerella forsynthesis (G-, non motile)
  • treponema denticola
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13
Q

What makes the acquired Pelicle on teeth?

A

Glycoproteins in saliva

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14
Q

What are the 6 common infection types in the oral cavity?

A
  • caries
  • periapical lesions
  • fungal
  • viral
  • abcesses
  • periodontal
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15
Q

Where does the majority of dental and periodontal disease originate?

A

in the inter proximal area

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16
Q

What is a virulence factor?

A

Property that enables the bacterium to cause disease

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17
Q

what is the purpose of Fimbrea, Pili and fibrillae?

A

Bacterial attachment, prevention of phagocytosis

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18
Q

What is the purpose of a capsule?

A

Protection, attachment, prevention of phagocytosis

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19
Q

Where does endotoxin come from?

A

Gram negative bacteria when they die. It is a lipopolysaccharide which makes it hard to break down

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20
Q

What results from the presence of endotoxin?

A

activation of inflammatory response, cytokine production and bone resorption

21
Q

Roughly how long does it take for pathogenic flora to develop?

22
Q

why do bacteria try to attach to the tooth/pelicle?

A

to avoid being flushed out by the positive pressure created by gingival crevicular fluid

23
Q

How is virulence factor defined?

A

ability to adhere

24
Q

What two ways can bacteria enter the host?

A
  • ulcerations in the epithelium

- direct penetration in the host tissue (less common)

25
What is the formula for periodontal disease?
Pathogenic flora+ Lack of beneficial bacteria+susceptible host= Periodontal disease
26
What are 7 common periodontal pathogens?
``` 1-Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (AA) 2- Porphyromonas gingivalis 3- Prevotella intermedia 4- Tannerella forsythia 5- Fusobacterium nucleatum 6-Peptostreptococcus micros 7-campylobacter rectus ```
27
What are 5 examples of beneficial oral bacteria?
``` 1-Actinomyces spp. 2-Strep mitis 3- Strep sanguis 4- Capnocytophaga spp. 5- V. Parvula ```
28
What are 7 common ways for a host to be more susceptible?
``` 1-Impaired neutrophils 2-inadequate immune response 3-LPS responsiveness 4-AIDS 5-Diabetes 6-Smoking 7-Drugs ```
29
Define Pellicle formation
A thin, Bacteria-free layer of salivary proteins attached to the tooth surface within minutes of a professional cleaning
30
How quickly does attachment of bacteria occur after a cleaning?
Within hours
31
What are the two major types of plaque?
- Supragingival plaque | - subgingival plaque
32
What are the two major types of supra gingival plaque?
Coronal plaque | marginal plaque
33
Attached sub gingival plaque is found where?
tooth, epithelium and connective tissue
34
Where does unattached sub gingival plaque reside?
in the gingival crevicular fluid
35
What is calculus?
Dead, mineralized plaque
36
Unattached sub gingival plaque consists main of what type of bacteria?
Gram-negative, motile bacteria
37
Young supra-gingival plaque is mainly what type of bacteria?
gram + cocci and rods
38
Aged supra-gingival plaque is mainly what type of bacteria?
gram - anaerobic bacteria
39
What 5 things are characteristic of Supragingival plaque?
``` 1-50% matrix 2-mostly gram + 3-Few motile bacteria 4-aerobic unless thick 5-metabolizes carbohydrates ```
40
What 5 things are characteristic of sub gingival plaque?
``` 1-Little or no matrix 2-mostly gram - 3-commonly motile bacteria 4-anaerobic 5-metabolizes proteins ```
41
What is characteristic of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans?
- small non-motile - gram negative - facultative anaerobe - saccharolytic - coccobacillus - colonies have star shaped center - many serotypes
42
What do endotoxins do?
- can kill PMNs - cytotoxic effects - bone resporption
43
What is characteristic of porphyromonas gingivalis?
- gram negative - anaerobic - non motile - asaccharolytic - rod shaped - black pigment due to broken down hemoglobin - invades epithelial cells - able to grow at elevated pH - capsule
44
what is characteristic of tanerella forsythia?
- gram negative - anaerobic - spindle shape - pleomorphic - invades epithelial cells
45
What is characteristic of prevotella intermedia?
- black pigment - gram negative - anaerobic - short rounded end rod - elevated in ANUG
46
What is characteristic of fusobacterium nucleatum?
- gram negative - anaerobic - spindle shaped - most common isolate from sub gingival samples
47
What is characteristic of campylobacter rectus?
- gram negative - anaerobic - short motile vibrio - small convex colonies on blood agar - produces leukotoxin
48
What is characteristic of peptostreptococcus micros?
- gram positive (only one) - anaerobic - small coccus - asaccharolytic
49
What is characteristic of spirochetes?
- gram negative - anaerobic - helical shape - related to ANUG

Perio I (5 decks)

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