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Perio I > Etiology > Flashcards

Etiology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two basic forms of periodontal disease?

A

Gingivitis

Periodontitis

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2
Q

Reversible, inflammation confined to the gingival tissues is called?

A

Gingivitis

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3
Q

Inflammation that is not confined to gingiva and involves attachment apparatus is called?

A

Periodontitis

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4
Q

What three general factors contribute to periodontal disease?

A

Microbial plaque
Genetics
Acquired/environmental factors

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5
Q

Where do most things that enter the free gingival sulcus come through?

A

Junctional epithelium

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6
Q

How much time without hygiene is needed to see the onset of gingivitis?

A

10-21 days

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7
Q

With hygiene how quickly can gingivitis resolve?

A

1 week

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8
Q

What are the main 5 microbes in plaque?

A 
Bacteria
Fungus
Protozoa
Virus
Mycoplasm
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9
Q

What does calculus provide for plaque?

A

Attachment surface

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10
Q

What is quorum sensing in a biofilm?

A

Microbes sensing how many other microbes are in the biofilm

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11
Q

What do early biofilm colonizers recognize?

A

Glycoproteins on the surface of the tooth

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12
Q

Which 3 bacteria are in the red complex?

A
  • porphyromonas gingivalis (G-, non motile)
  • tannerella forsynthesis (G-, non motile)
  • treponema denticola
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13
Q

What makes the acquired Pelicle on teeth?

A

Glycoproteins in saliva

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14
Q

What are the 6 common infection types in the oral cavity?

A
  • caries
  • periapical lesions
  • fungal
  • viral
  • abcesses
  • periodontal
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15
Q

Where does the majority of dental and periodontal disease originate?

A

in the inter proximal area

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16
Q

What is a virulence factor?

A

Property that enables the bacterium to cause disease

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17
Q

what is the purpose of Fimbrea, Pili and fibrillae?

A

Bacterial attachment, prevention of phagocytosis

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18
Q

What is the purpose of a capsule?

A

Protection, attachment, prevention of phagocytosis

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19
Q

Where does endotoxin come from?

A

Gram negative bacteria when they die. It is a lipopolysaccharide which makes it hard to break down

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20
Q

What results from the presence of endotoxin?

A

activation of inflammatory response, cytokine production and bone resorption

21
Q

Roughly how long does it take for pathogenic flora to develop?

A

42 days

22
Q

why do bacteria try to attach to the tooth/pelicle?

A

to avoid being flushed out by the positive pressure created by gingival crevicular fluid

23
Q

How is virulence factor defined?

A

ability to adhere

24
Q

What two ways can bacteria enter the host?

A
  • ulcerations in the epithelium

- direct penetration in the host tissue (less common)

25
Q

What is the formula for periodontal disease?

A

Pathogenic flora+ Lack of beneficial bacteria+susceptible host= Periodontal disease

26
Q

What are 7 common periodontal pathogens?

A 
1-Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (AA)
2- Porphyromonas gingivalis
3- Prevotella intermedia
4- Tannerella forsythia
5- Fusobacterium nucleatum
6-Peptostreptococcus micros
7-campylobacter rectus
27
Q

What are 5 examples of beneficial oral bacteria?

A 
1-Actinomyces spp.
2-Strep mitis
3- Strep sanguis
4- Capnocytophaga spp.
5- V. Parvula
28
Q

What are 7 common ways for a host to be more susceptible?

A 
1-Impaired neutrophils
2-inadequate immune response
3-LPS responsiveness
4-AIDS
5-Diabetes
6-Smoking
7-Drugs
29
Q

Define Pellicle formation

A

A thin, Bacteria-free layer of salivary proteins attached to the tooth surface within minutes of a professional cleaning

30
Q

How quickly does attachment of bacteria occur after a cleaning?

A

Within hours

31
Q

What are the two major types of plaque?

A
  • Supragingival plaque

- subgingival plaque

32
Q

What are the two major types of supra gingival plaque?

A

Coronal plaque

marginal plaque

33
Q

Attached sub gingival plaque is found where?

A

tooth, epithelium and connective tissue

34
Q

Where does unattached sub gingival plaque reside?

A

in the gingival crevicular fluid

35
Q

What is calculus?

A

Dead, mineralized plaque

36
Q

Unattached sub gingival plaque consists main of what type of bacteria?

A

Gram-negative, motile bacteria

37
Q

Young supra-gingival plaque is mainly what type of bacteria?

A

gram + cocci and rods

38
Q

Aged supra-gingival plaque is mainly what type of bacteria?

A

gram - anaerobic bacteria

39
Q

What 5 things are characteristic of Supragingival plaque?

A 
1-50% matrix
2-mostly gram +
3-Few motile bacteria
4-aerobic unless thick
5-metabolizes carbohydrates
40
Q

What 5 things are characteristic of sub gingival plaque?

A 
1-Little or no matrix
2-mostly gram -
3-commonly motile bacteria
4-anaerobic
5-metabolizes proteins
41
Q

What is characteristic of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans?

A
  • small non-motile
  • gram negative
  • facultative anaerobe
  • saccharolytic
  • coccobacillus
  • colonies have star shaped center
  • many serotypes
42
Q

What do endotoxins do?

A
  • can kill PMNs
  • cytotoxic effects
  • bone resporption
43
Q

What is characteristic of porphyromonas gingivalis?

A
  • gram negative
  • anaerobic
  • non motile
  • asaccharolytic
  • rod shaped
  • black pigment due to broken down hemoglobin
  • invades epithelial cells
  • able to grow at elevated pH
  • capsule
44
Q

what is characteristic of tanerella forsythia?

A
  • gram negative
  • anaerobic
  • spindle shape
  • pleomorphic
  • invades epithelial cells
45
Q

What is characteristic of prevotella intermedia?

A
  • black pigment
  • gram negative
  • anaerobic
  • short rounded end rod
  • elevated in ANUG
46
Q

What is characteristic of fusobacterium nucleatum?

A
  • gram negative
  • anaerobic
  • spindle shaped
  • most common isolate from sub gingival samples
47
Q

What is characteristic of campylobacter rectus?

A
  • gram negative
  • anaerobic
  • short motile vibrio
  • small convex colonies on blood agar
  • produces leukotoxin
48
Q

What is characteristic of peptostreptococcus micros?

A
  • gram positive (only one)
  • anaerobic
  • small coccus
  • asaccharolytic
49
Q

What is characteristic of spirochetes?

A
  • gram negative
  • anaerobic
  • helical shape
  • related to ANUG

Perio I (5 decks)

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