Normal perio Flashcards
Characteristics of masticatory epithelium
Kerarinized, rete pegs
What are rete pegs?
Thickening fingers of epithelium into connective tissue
What holds tissue cells together?
desmosomes
Why would cells be parakeratinized?
Reactive tissue at healing sites
What are langerhan cells?
Dentritic antigen processing cells
What are the components of peridontium?
Gingiva (attached, unattached, interdental)
Cementum
Periodontal ligament
Alveolar supporting bone
What does the periodontal ligament do?
Anchors, Allows for movement, proprioception (biting etc)
What are the functions of periodontium in general?
what are the 5 functions?
Support
Shock absorber
Sensory reception
Nutrition
1) attach
2) resist
3) maintain
4) adjust
5) defend
What are the gingival epithelial components?
Keratinocytes Desmosomes Tonofilaments Basal lamina Hemidesmosomes
What are the 4 anatomical areas of the gingiva?
Free gingiva margin
Gingival sulcus (pockets are diseased)
Interdental gingiva
Attached gingiva
What are the three types of oral mucosa?
Masticatory mucosa
Lining mucosa
Specialized mucosa
What gingival boundaries are there?
Free gingival line (between free gingiva and attached gingiva)
Mucogingival junction (between alveolar mucosa and attached gingiva)
Where is the free gingiva/gingival margin?
Snugly fitting around the tooth coronal to the CEJ
What part of the free gingiva is keratinized?
Inside is not, outside is
What are the two gingival biotypes?
Thin scalloped
Thick flat
3 stats of thin biotype gingiva
Mainly females
Slender teeth
Narrow zone of KG
3 stats of thick biotype gingiva
Mainly males
Quadratic teeth
Wide zone of KG
How deep is clinically a normal sulcus?
1-3 mm as measured by a probe
What forms the base of the sulcus?
Junctional epithelium
Characteristics of sulcular epithelium
Non keratinized
Semipermeable
What four things does gingival crevicular fluid do?
Cleanse gingival sulcus
Aids adhesion to tooth
Antimicrobial
Antibody activity to defend gingiva
What causes fluid to flow into sulcus?
Osmotic pressure created by molecules and bacteria in sulcus
Pre inflammatory GCF fluid is?
Transduate-watery
Inflammatory GCF fluid is?
Exudate-thicker, containing more cells
What are the two compositional categories of GCF?
Enzymatic
Non enzymatic
What are the enzymatic components of GCF split into?
Host derived
Bacteria derived
What are the non enzymatic components of GCF split into?
Cellular components
Electrolytes
Organic components
What is stippling?
Orange peel appearance which is a reflection of rete pegs
What are the average width ranges for maxillary incisors and premolars?
Incisor: 3.5-4.4 mm
Premolars: 1.9 mm
What are the average width ranges for mandibular incisors and premolars?
Incisors: 3.3-3.9 mm
Premolars: 1.8 mm
What are the ridges called in palatal attached tissue?
Rugae
What 3 factors largely determine shape of interdental gingiva?
1-relationship to teeth
2-genetics
3-state of health
What contact distance from the bone is required for 100% interproximal fill of interdental gingiva?
5 mm or less
Interdental gingiva papilla are less likely to fill interproximal space if the contact point is where?
6 mm or more
What are the characteristics of a Col?
Depression between facial and lingual interdental gingiva
Center is not keratinized
More susceptible to disease
What is junctional epithelium derived from?
Reduced enamel epithelium (REE)
How long is the typical junctional
Epithelial cell length?
0.25-1.35 mm
What are the two different laminas of the junctional epithelium?
Internal basal lamina (attaches to enamel)
External basal lamina (attaches to CT)
What are the three main components of the basal laminas of junctional epithelium?
Lamina densa
Lamina Lucida
Hemidesmosomes
What is the junctional epithelium reinforced by?
Dentogingival units made up of collagenous fibers
What are the two distinct layers of the masticatory mucosal lamina propia?
Papillary layer (in depressions between rete pegs) Reticular layer (beneath rete pegs)
What are the 4 main gingival fiber groups?
1- circular group
2- dentogingival group
3- dentoperiosteal group
4- alveologingival group
What are the percentages of the major cellular elements in gingival CT?
Cells- approx 5%
Fibers- approx 65%
Ground substance, proteoglycans etc. remainder
What fiber types are present in gingival CT?
Collagen (types 1 and 2)
Elastic fibers
Oxytalan fibers
Which side are more numerous but smaller groupings of fibers found?
Cementum side
What is the thickness range of a normal periodontal ligament?
0.1-0.25 mm
What are the main 3 connective tissue cells found in periodontal ligament?
Fibroblasts
Cementoblasts/clasts
Osteoblasts/clasts
What are rest cells of malassez?
REE remnants that can be stimulated by inflammation and become problematic
What are 5 features of the cementum?
1-Thin hard mineralized tissue 2-light yellow 3-overlies dentin 4-bone like but more resistant to resorption 5-does not have its own blood supply
What 4 main bone types are important in periodontics?
1-alveolar bone proper(cribiform plate)
2-cortical bone
3-cancellous bone
4-periosteum
What drug can stimulate melanin?
Nicotine
