Patho Terms Flashcards
idiopathic
cause is unknown
iatrogenic
cause is the result of an unintended or unwanted medical treatment
multifactoral
has multiple etiologic factors that contribute to its development
risk factor
factor that increases the likelihood of disease
precipitating factors
triggers that promote the onset of clinical manifestations - when somebody already has a disease
symptoms
subjective feeling of abnormality in the body
signs
objective or observed manifestations of disease
remission
symptom-free periods
exacerbations
flaring-up of symptoms
primary prevention
reducing exposure and risk for susceptible persons
secondary prevention
early detection and screening; allows to get rid of or prevent further complications
tertiary prevention
rehabilitation, supportive care, reducing disability, restoring effective functioning following disease
incidence
number of new cases over a time period
prevalence
number of existing cases in a population over a time period
reliability
the extent to which an observation, if repeated, gives the same result
validity
the extent to which a measurement tool measures what it is intended to measure
sensitivity
correctly identifies a condition; true positives
specificity
correctly excludes a condition; true negatives
point prevalence
number of cases in a population at one point in time / number of persons in a defined population at the same point in time
incidence risk
number of new cases of disease in a given period of time / number of disease-free people at the beginning of time period
incidence rate
number of new cases of disease in a given period of time / total person-time at risk during the follow-up period
sensitivity
true positives / true positives + false negatives (total sick individuals)
specificity
true negatives / true negatives + false positives (total healthy individuals)
positive predictive value (PPV)
true positives / true positives + false positives (all positives)
