Patho Terms

Question 1

idiopathic

Answer 1

cause is unknown

Question 2

iatrogenic

Answer 2

cause is the result of an unintended or unwanted medical treatment

Question 3

multifactoral

Answer 3

has multiple etiologic factors that contribute to its development

Question 4

risk factor

Answer 4

factor that increases the likelihood of disease

Question 5

precipitating factors

Answer 5

triggers that promote the onset of clinical manifestations - when somebody already has a disease

Question 6

symptoms

Answer 6

subjective feeling of abnormality in the body

Question 7

signs

Answer 7

objective or observed manifestations of disease

Question 8

remission

Answer 8

symptom-free periods

Question 9

exacerbations

Answer 9

flaring-up of symptoms

Question 10

primary prevention

Answer 10

reducing exposure and risk for susceptible persons

Question 11

secondary prevention

Answer 11

early detection and screening; allows to get rid of or prevent further complications

Question 12

tertiary prevention

Answer 12

rehabilitation, supportive care, reducing disability, restoring effective functioning following disease

Question 13

incidence

Answer 13

number of new cases over a time period

Question 14

prevalence

Answer 14

number of existing cases in a population over a time period

Question 15

reliability

Answer 15

the extent to which an observation, if repeated, gives the same result

Question 16

validity

Answer 16

the extent to which a measurement tool measures what it is intended to measure

Question 17

sensitivity

Answer 17

correctly identifies a condition; true positives

Question 18

specificity

Answer 18

correctly excludes a condition; true negatives

Question 19

point prevalence

Answer 19

number of cases in a population at one point in time / number of persons in a defined population at the same point in time

Question 20

incidence risk

Answer 20

number of new cases of disease in a given period of time / number of disease-free people at the beginning of time period

Question 21

incidence rate

Answer 21

number of new cases of disease in a given period of time / total person-time at risk during the follow-up period

Question 22

sensitivity

Answer 22

true positives / true positives + false negatives (total sick individuals)

Question 23

specificity

Answer 23

true negatives / true negatives + false positives (total healthy individuals)

Question 24

positive predictive value (PPV)

Answer 24

true positives / true positives + false positives (all positives)

Question 25

negative predictive value (NPV)

Answer 25

true negatives / true negatives + false negatives (all negatives)