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Patho Quiz 2 > patho quiz 2 > Flashcards

patho quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of non specific (innate) immunity?

A

This portion of the immunity does not know what type of bacteria or virus is attempting to invade the body, but realizes that it does not belong and attempts to get rid of it

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2
Q

What two componets make up non-specific immunity?

A

Physical/Chemical barriers and Cellular Mechanisms

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3
Q

What are some examples of physical/ chemical barriers?

A

Skin, mucous membranes, stomach acid, cilial action, cough reflex

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4
Q

What does species specific mean?

A

Which barrier is used depends on the specific organism’s mode of entry and design

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5
Q

When are cellular Mechanisms Initiated?

A

when the pathogen has entered the body and the physical barriers have failed

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6
Q

Cellular Mechanisms are comprised of what?

A

Inflammation, phagocytic cells, and natural killers

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7
Q

Phagocytic cells are comprised of what?

A

Granulocytes and Agranulocytes

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8
Q

Which phagocytes belong to Granulocytes?

A

Neutrophils, Eosinophils, and Basophils

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9
Q

What are neutrophils?

A

1st responders, fast, abundant; because they’re mature, they’re incapable of dividing; sensitive to acidic environment of inflammatory lesions, short lived and become part of the purulet exudate (pus)

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10
Q

What are the 2 fxns of Eosinophils?

A
  1. Body’s primary defense against parasites 2. Help regulate vascular mediators released from mast cells
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11
Q

What is the fxn of Basophils?

A

Release and stimulate mediators, such as bradykins to act as fighting cells

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12
Q

What are agranulcytes comprised of?

A

Monocytes & Macrophages

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13
Q

Monocytes

A

enter the circulation, migrate to the inflammatory site where they develop into macrophages

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14
Q

Macrophages

A

better suited for long term defense b/c they can survive and divide in acidic & low 02 enviornments; they’re involved in the activation of the adaptive immune system; affect recognition of antigens and tolerate self-antigens

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15
Q

Natural Killer cells

A

Most aggressive, Fxn is to recognition and elimination of cells infected with viruses and abnormal host cells (cancer). Once it binds, it produces several cytokines and toxic molecules to kill target

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16
Q

What is specific immunity also called

A

acquired, adaptive immunity

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17
Q

What are the functions of adaptive immunity

A

Recognize self from non-self, memory, and specificity

18
Q

What is memory?

A

remember antigen and how to attack it

19
Q

What is Specificity?

A

antigen specifically recognized by antibody

20
Q

What are the 2 arms of Specific Immunity

A

Humoral and Cellular Immunity

21
Q

Humoral Immunity

A

Antibody recognizing antigen and binds to it; this can result in direct inactivation or activation of a variety of inflammaroty mediators that destroy the pathogen? Creates memory cells or effector cells, which make antibodies

22
Q

What are the functions of antibodies

A

neutralize bacterial toxins, neutralize viruses, promote phagocytosis of bacteria, and boost inflammatory response.

23
Q

Cellular Immunity

A

T cells, the different types of cells they differentiate into and the cytokines they secreate

24
Q

What are cytokines?

A

They are messangers- trigger cell mediators to create more and take down antigens

25
Q

What are B cells?

A

B cells are lymphocytes, that have a antibody on surface that will bind to antigen, once activated by help T will produce progeny of memory and plasma cells– which produce antibodies

26
Q

What are the antibodies of B cells?

A

IgG - 2 response, IgM 1 response, 1GA, Ige Allergies

27
Q

What are T cells?

A

directly destroy antigen (killer T), can stimulate T and B cell ( helper T cell), inhibit T & B cell (suppressor T cell) and remembers antigen for future encounter (memory T cell)

28
Q

Infection

A

The ability of the pathogen to invade and multiply in the host

29
Q

virulence

A

the capacity of a pathogen to cause severe disease

30
Q

pathogenicity

A

the ability of an agent to produce disease. This depends on the speed of the reproduction, extent of tissue damage, and production of toxins

31
Q

Modes of Transmission of Infection

A

human to human (maternal-child, bodily fluid), direct (ingestion/ wound), vector (mosquito)

32
Q

Inflammation

A

a collection of conditions including: redness, swelling, heat, aches, and pain associated with the damaged tissue and organ orchestrated by means of the body’s immunity process

33
Q

What are the local symptoms of inflammation?

A

Redness (erythema), swelling (edema), heat, pain, exudate ( serous (yellow body fluid), fibrinous, purlent (extreme infection), hemmorhagic (blood))

34
Q

What are the systemic changes due to inflammation?

A

fever, leukocytosis, increase in plasma proteins, Septic Shock = decrease bp, increase in HR & RR, infection, and scar tissue formation

35
Q

Acute Inflammation

A

a defensive response to stimuli causing a protective vascular connective tissue rxn?. A HEALTHY response by the body to a harmful situation

36
Q

Chronic Inflammation

A

dangerous, out of control immunologic RXN lasting longer thatn 2 weeks, persistence of infection, antigen or foreign body, prolonged irritation, auto-antibodies

37
Q

What are the categories of Aspirin?

A

Anti-inflammatory Agents, Salicylates

38
Q

What are the actions of Aspirin?

A

ASA- inhibit COX-1 & COX 2 and inhibits the synthesis of protagladins, resulting in analgesia, anti-inflammatory activity and platelet aggregation

39
Q

What is the brand name of Aspirin?

A

Acetylsalicyclic, ASA

40
Q

What are the indication for use of Apirin?

A

treatment of mild to moderate pain; fever; various inflammatory conditions; reduction of risk of death in MI PT w/ previous infarction, unstable angina pectoris, recurrent transient ischemia attacs, stroke in men who had transient brain ischemia caused by platelt emboli

41
Q

What are the side/adverse effect of Aspirin?

A

bleeding, GI irritation, Reye syndrome in children w/ acute febrile illness, renal/hepatic toxicity.

Patho Quiz 2 (4 decks)

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