Patho Part 5 Flashcards
What is reperfusion injury?
Secondary injury after reestablishing blood flow.
What causes secondary brain injury after head trauma?
Brain injury resulting from the bodies response to tissue damage
Which of the following steps happens first during hemostasis?
Vascular spasm
Right side heart failure is characterized by?
Peripheral edema
A Tension pneumothorax requires a needle thoracotomy and/or chest tube placement as treatment to which component of the pathophysiology of the condition?
A large accumulation of trapped air in the plural space affecting both the lungs and heart
Which of the following is a characteristic of disseminate intravascular coagulation (DIC)?
Simultaneous clotting and bleeding
Which clients are at highest risk for pneumonia?
Those who are hospitalized and immunocompromised
H. Pylori often causes which of the following?
Peptic ulcer disease
Which of the following would the nurse see in a client with thrombocytopenia?
A decreased platelet cell count
Thrombocytopenia is which disorder?
Decreased platelet production
Which of the following can occur with clients who have hyponatremia?
Potentially fatal due to swelling in the brain
What tool is used to determine a clients level of consciousness?
Glasgow Coma scale (GCS)
A client presents to the emergency department with lower right quadrant abdominal pain, fever, nausea, and occasional diarrhea. After palpating the abdomen the client displayed tenderness. What would the nurse anticipate the client to be experiencing?
Appendicitis
When a client has their fighter flight system activated, what is the manifestation of that?
Increase glucose levels
What are the major mechanisms of the spinal cord injuries?
Hyperextension
hyper-flexion
& compression
Virchow’s Triad includes which of the following factors?
Increased blood coagulation
Damage to the arterial wall
Venous blood stasis
What are the components of Virchow’s triad, which can lead the client to form blood clots?
Venous stasis, hypercoagulability
Signs and symptoms of myocardial infraction include which of the following?
Persistent chest pain, which may radiate to the arm
A client is bleeding. Platelets within the bloodstream begin aggregating to prevent further blood loss. This is one of the first steps of which of the following processes?
Hemostasis
Hemophilia patients have severe pain in their:
Joints
Which of the following is used to classify seizures?
Clinical symptoms and electroencephalogram (EEG)
How does unstable angina pectoris differ from stable angina pectoris?
Unstable angina pectoris is NOT relieved by periods of rest
If a client complains of dizziness, which term below best describes this feeling?
Symptom
Which of the following causes hepatic encephalopathy?
Increased ammonia levels in the bloodstream
What symptoms would a nurse expect to see in a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?
Dyspnea on exertion
Which of the following would the nurse expect to see in a client experiencing hypoventilation?
Increased carbon dioxide in the bloodstream
How does influenza immunization produce immunity?
The body identifies the virus and develops antibodies against the virus
The condition of leukemia involves which of the following?
The malignant growth of white blood cells
Peritonitis is a condition which can result in serious complications. Identify one of the complications.
Sepsis and shock
What part of the heart is responsible for starting the electrical impulse to conduct a heart rhythm and contraction of the atria ventricle?
The sinoatrial node in the atrium
Polycythemia vera is due to excess red blood cells and results in what condition?
Tissue ischemia & necrosis
What is an example of a type one hypersensitivity reaction?
Anaphylaxis
Hematopoiesis occurs primarily in the bone marrow. What cells are formed during this process?
Red blood cells
What function does aldosterone serve in the body?
Aldosterone causes a RETENTION of SODIUM in the body
- increases fluid
- increases blood pressure
Cushing syndrome is characterized by which of the following?
Hypercortisolism
A client has a potassium of 1.9mEq/L. What is the most important observation?
Ability of the client to walk
Acute chest pain syndrome, a condition that causes chest pain, coughing, dyspnea and fever, is associated with which of the following disorders?
Sickle-Cell disease
A 52-year-old man presents to the clinic complaining of back pain. The x-rays reveal multiple areas of reduced bone density and a compression fracture of the vertebra. His lab work revealed elevated serum calcium levels. Which of the following diseases is the most consistent with these findings?
Osteoporosis
Which of the following is used to identify clients myocardial infarction (MI)?
Performing a 12-lead ECG to determine cardiac changes
Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of septic shock?
Decreased cardiac output
A client has a regular heart rate of 54 beats per minute. The nurse would recognize this rhythm as which of the following?
Bradycardia
Which of the following is a common culprit of bacterial skin infections?
Staphylococcus
Which of the following conditions may cause immunosuppression?
Cushing Syndrome
A nurse educator is teaching a group of student nurses about the signs and symptoms of thyroid storm. Which findings are included in the teaching?
Fever
tachycardia
systolic hypertension
What occurs with Addisons Disease?
Low levels of serum ACTH
Low levels of serum cortisol
Increased skin pigmentation
What is a common finding in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?
Severe Hypoxemia
What are typical signs and symptoms of epiglottitis?
Sudden fever, sore throat, and drooling saliva
Which of the following causes hepatic encephalopathy?
Increased ammonia levels in the bloodstream
The client with pale, cold, clammy skin, a rapid and weak pulse, tachypnea, and an altered evel of consciousness may be experiencing which of the following conditions?
Shock
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a severe complication of which of the following conditions?
Sepsis
