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Q&A > Patho Part 4 > Flashcards

Patho Part 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following explains why individuals with acute leukemia are at risk for opportunistic infections?

A

Many non-functional immature, leukocytes

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2
Q

An otherwise healthy client has pneumonia. Which of the following assessment should the nurse complete?

A

Determine respiratory rate

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3
Q

Which of the following organs are primarily affected by poorly managed hypertension?

A

The heart and kidneys

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4
Q

A client has arrived in an emergency department with hives, prurtius, and painful, swollen skin. Which of the following describes the chemical mediators that are released during this inflammatory process?

A

Histamine and prostaglandins

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5
Q

A client is admitted to the healthcare facility with a diagnosis of a bleeding gastric ulcer. The nurse expects the client stools to appear like which of the following?

A

Black and Tarry

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6
Q

A client who sustained a cervical spinal cord injury two days ago suddenly developed severe hypertension and bradycardia. The client reports severe head pain and blurred vision. What is most likely the cause of these clinical manifestations?

A

Developing autonomic dysreflexia

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7
Q

Parkinson’s disease is characterized by which of the following clinical manifest?

A

Pill rolling tremor or thumb
Forefinger muscular rigidity
Mask like facial expression
Shuffling gait

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8
Q

Which clinical manifestations is characteristic of cluster headaches?

A

Severe unilateral pain
Tearing and rhinorrhea

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9
Q

Nuchal rigidity, headache, and photophobia are symptoms of which of the following?

A

Meningitis

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10
Q

The client with human papillomavirus is at risk for which type of cancer?

A

Cervical cancer

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11
Q

Which of the following hormones plays a role in decreasing blood glucose by facilitating glucose oft cells?

A

Insulin

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12
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma. Which of the following is appropriate?

A

Apply sunscreen when engaging in outdoor activities.

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13
Q

Polycythemia vera is caused by an overproduction of which of the following?

A

Erythrocytes

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14
Q

Which of the following is an inherited disorder, resulting in decreased coagulation?

A

Hemophilia

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15
Q

What typically causes contact dermatitis?

A

Contact with the skin allergen

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16
Q

Which of the following describes why ovarian cancer has a poor prognosis?

A

Ovarian cancer has vague signs and a hidden location that can lead to a late diagnosis.

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17
Q

The most common cause of bacterial pneumonia is which of the following microorganisms?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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18
Q

What effect does hemoglobin amount have on oxygenation status?

A

Decreased hemoglobin causes reduced oxygen-carrying capacity

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19
Q

What is the process of moving air into the lungs with subsequent distribution of the alveoli called?

A

Ventilation

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20
Q

How was the hemorrhagic stroke different from thromboembolic stroke?

A

A hemorrhagic stroke is the result of bleeding in or around the brain

21
Q

Which of the following describes the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS)?

A

Demyelination of the neurons

22
Q

Which of the following is a key feature of Paget disease?

A

Enlarged thick bones

23
Q

A client presents with a lateral curvature of the spine as shown in the image below. The nurse knows this is classified as which of the following conditions?

A

Scoliosis

24
Q

What is the cause of most cases of pyelonephritis?

A

An ascending infection by E. coli

25
Q

Which disorder is related to breaking down fats for energy in clients with type one diabetes?

A

Diabetic ketoacidosis

26
Q

A nurse educator is teaching a group of student nurses about the signs and symptoms of thyroid storm. Which findings will be included in the teaching?

A

Fever
Tachycardia
Systolic hypertension

27
Q

Which of the following are clinical manifestations that may be observed in a client with cellulitis? SATA

A

Swelling of the affected area
Warmth in the affected area

28
Q

Which of the following are examples of clinical findings that would be present in clients experiencing shock? SATA

A

Altered level of consciousness
Hypotension
Tachycardia

29
Q

The main functional process of the endocrine system relies on which of the following?

A

Hormones

30
Q

The nurse expects to assess for which symptom in a client with a topic dermatitis?

A

Pruritus

31
Q

Which of the following are causes of obstructive shock? SATA

A

Pulmonary embolism
Cardiac tamponade
Tension pneumothorax

32
Q

Which link of the chain of infection describes the source of an infection agent?

A

Reservoir

33
Q

What is the cause of cardiogenic shock?

A

Severe dysfunction of heart ventricles

34
Q

The nurse knows which is is true, regarding the sexually transmitted infection syphilis?

A

Syphilis is a systematic sexually transmitted infection causing painful fluid filled with vesicles that appeared 3 to 7 days after the initial infection.

35
Q

How is mycobacterium tuberculosis transmitted to others?

A

Airborne droplets, inhaled into the lungs

36
Q

What is most likely to cause a hiatal hernia?

A

Increase intra-abdominal pressure

37
Q

Cardiac tamponade is a condition in which a large amount of fluid accumulates around the heart and impedes which of the following?

A

Stretching and filling of the heart during diastole

38
Q

A client is diagnosed with hypertension with no identifiable cause. This type of hypertension is known as which of the following?

A

Primary Hypertension

39
Q

Which of the following can cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and subsequent infertility?

A

Trichomoniasis

40
Q

Which of the following can occur with clients who have hyponatremia?

A

Weak Peripheral pulses

41
Q

A client’s body appears to have his arms and legs held straight, toes are pointed downward backward. What type of posture is this representative of?

A

Decerebrate

42
Q

Which of the following is true regarding myasthenia gravis?

A

Myasthenia gravis results in progressive muscle weakness

43
Q

Symptoms of Parkinson’s disease are caused by a deficit in which neurotransmitter?

A

Dopamine

44
Q

What are the initial clinical manifestations noted immediately after a spinal cord injury?

A

Loss of deep tendon reflexes
Flaccid paralysis

45
Q

Dysfunction of which organ is associated with the development of esophageal varices?

A

Liver

46
Q

How does severe hypoxia develop with pneumonia?

A

Oxygen diffusion is impaired by the congestion

47
Q

Which of the following pathophysiological mechanisms in the lung parenchyma allows pneumonia?

A

Inflammation

48
Q

How is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacteria that causes tuberculosis (Tb), transmitted infection?

A

Airborne droplets inhaled into the lungs

49
Q

A 58-year-old client with a 40-year history of smoking one to two packs of cigarettes a day has a chronic..sputum, peripheral edema, and cyanotic nail beds. Based on this information, he most likely has which of the following?

A

Chronic Bronchitis

Q&A (7 decks)

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