Patho of Bipolar

Question 1

Bipolar characterization

Answer 1

-moodswings
-hypo/mania and depression

Question 2

Bipolar I

Answer 2

-severe manic episodes

Question 3

Bipolar II

Answer 3

-hypomanic episodes

Question 4

Cyclothymia

Answer 4

-milder mood swings

Question 5

Patho of bipolar

Answer 5

-dyregulation of Ser, DA, NE
-high inheritability
-structural brain changes, esp in prefrontal cortex and amygdala
-stressful life events, trauma, substance use

Question 6

Dopamine, NE, Serotonin balances

Answer 6

-together balance mood
-NE: concentration
-DA: alertness
-Se: satisfaction

-Se + DA = appetite
-Se + NE = endurance
-NE + DA = attention

Question 7

Bipolar heritability

Answer 7

-60-80% genetic
-shizoaffective disorder

Question 8

Neuroplasticity

Answer 8

-structural brain changes in prefrontal cortex and amygdala
-reduced neurogenesis in hippocampus may = cognitive and mood effects

Question 9

Lithium MOA

Answer 9

-modulates NT release to stabilize mood
-effective for mania and long term stabilization

Question 10

Lithium side effects

Answer 10

-tremor
-wt gain
-thyroid function
-renal imapirment

Question 11

Valproate (not starred) MOA

Answer 11

-inc GABAergic tone
-block Na channels
-block T-type Ca channels
-inhibits histone deacetylase