Patho neoplasia 1 Flashcards
What is the trend in number of cases of cancer in Jordan?
Increasing
How is a person’s life affected when diagnosed with cancer?
-Decrease in life quality:
Anxiousness and insomnia…
Physical impairments after treatment (eg edema)
-Financial loss due to treatment costs
-Chance for metastasis and/or death
What is hemoptysis?
coughing blood (a symptom of lung cancer)
What are 5 behavioral factors that can decrease/increase cancer development?
-Obesity
-Sedentary life style
-Smoking
-Alcohol/carcinogen consumption
-Diet
What is a method to decrease cancer deaths besides behavioral adjustments?
Early screening to detect cancer before progression of cancer.
What are the 2 most common types of cancer in Jordan in females and males?
Breast cancer in females and lung cancer in males.
Which of these 2 factors has more effect on cancer development?
1-environmental factors
2-genetic factors?
Environmental.
A study shows that Japanese immigrants show a higher chance of developing breast cancer depending on where they migrate to.
Why does risk of cancer increase with age?
1- Accumulation of mutations.
2- Decrease in immunity.
What does Neoplasia mean?
Neo: new
Plasia: cell division
a neoplasm the region of increased cell growth. (not all tumors are neoplasms) (can be benign or malignant)
What is the difference between benign and malignant neoplasms?
Both show excessive proliferation, but a malignant neoplasm can invade other tissues and is often not neat in its look (not confined by boundaries of tissues)
Why are malignant tumors harder to remove than benign ones?
Benign tumors are usually confined to the tissue itself, so it doesn’t spread and usually has a uniform shape. Malignant tumors travels into other tissues and don’t have a uniform shape.
What is a polyp?
A polyp is a projecting growth of tissue from a surface in the body, usually a mucous membrane. (can be malignant) (can also be non-neoplastic like in inflammation)
Why are harmless polyps and adenomas removed?
They can possibly transform from benign to malignant.
What is clonality?
When a cell divides and all the daughter cells in the tumor are identical to the parent cell.
What is autonomy?
Autonomic cells are cells that grow without the need for stimuli.
How are benign tumors named?
cell name + oma suffix
hepatocyte benign tumor: hepatoma
glandular benign tumor: adenoma
How are malignant tumors named?
Epithelial or stromal origin is first identified.
-Epithelial malignant tumor: carcinoma
-Stromal malignant tumor: sarcoma
Cell name is added
-squamous carcinoma
-liposarcoma (lipid cells)
What is squamous cell papilloma?
finger-like benign tumor of squamous epithelium.
What is a teratoma?
Benign tumor originating from germ cells, forming a tumor of different cell types. (found mainly in testis and ovaries).
What is a hamartoma?
Benign tumor with a disorganized mixture of cells endogenous to tissue of origin.
eg a lung hamartoma is a disorganized collection of cartilage, alveoli, and blood vessels.
What is a choristoma? (ectopic tissue)
Normal tissue in the wrong place and are not true neoplasms and is usually congenital.
eg pancreatic tissue in gallbladder.
What are some exceptions to the tumor nomenclature?
Melanoma (melanocytes)
Seminoma (testicular germ cells)
Lymphoma (blood tumor)
Mesothelioma (mesothelial cells)
Multiple myeloma (plasma cells)
All are malignant
