ANS 1

Question 1

What are the divisions of the ANS?

Answer 1

Parasympathetic
Sympathetic
Enteric

Question 2

What is the enteric nervous system?

Answer 2

-A division of the ANS
-intrinsic to GI tract
-works with other ANS divisions to control digestion
-Influences function of almost all organs
-Controls all innervated organs except skeletal muscles

Question 3

What are some examples of ANS activity?

Answer 3

-Cardiorespiratory control
-Works in inflammatory response (parasympathetic for anti-inflammation)
-When changing posture
-Reaching different metabolic demands
-Autonomic activities like elimination of urine and GI activity.

Question 4

How do most ANS drugs work?

Answer 4

Altering adrenergic or cholinergic receptor neurotransmission.
Some directly target autonomic organs (used for erectile dysfunction).

Question 5

What are beta-adrenoreceptor agonists used to treat?

Answer 5

-Asthma
-Glaucoma
-Cardiovascular disorders
-Essential tremor
-Anxiety disorders

Question 6

On what receptor transmission does nerve gas work on?

Answer 6

cholinergic receptor transmission of neuromuscular junctions and autonomic effector organs. (doesn’t necessarily work on the receptor but can block enzymes that regulate the transmission).

Question 7

What are some naturally occurring autonomic neurotransmitter agonists/antagonists?

Answer 7

-Muscarine on muscarinic receptor (type of cholinergic receptor)
-Pilocarpine
-Atropine
-hyoscine

Question 8

What is the main responsibility of the ANS?

Answer 8

-Ensuring the physiological integrity of cells, tissues, and organs throughout the entire body.
-Ensuring homeostasis is maintained despite perturbations exerted by both the external and internal environments

Question 9

What are some organs that the PNS and SNS work synergistically on?

Answer 9

Iris muscles and sexual organs.

Question 10

What do alpha and gamma motor neurons do?

Answer 10

-Alpha motor neurons activate extrafusal muscle fibers (the majority of the muscle).
-Gamma activate intrafusal muscle fibers (for stretch).
They usually work in synchrony.
Allow for locomotion, eye movements, vocalization, and swallowing.

Question 11

Are all organs innervated by both PNS and SNS?

Answer 11

No, some are innervated by only 1.

Question 12

What are some organs innervated only by SNS?

Answer 12

Blood vessels, Brown adipose tissue, pineal gland.

Question 13

What are some organs innervated only by PNS?

Answer 13

Nasopharyngeal glands, ciliary muscles.