patho exam resp -- terms

Question 1

ventilation

Answer 1

flow of gases into/out of lungs

Question 2

accessory muscles

Answer 2

used to increase lung volume during inspiration

Question 3

compliance

Answer 3

ability of lungs to expand

Question 4

airway resistance

Answer 4

pressure difference between mouth and aveoli i/r/t rate of inspired airflow – results in increase work to breathe

Question 5

respiratory defense mechanisms

Answer 5

nasal hair, mucus, cough, bronchoconstriction, alveolar macrophages

Question 6

diffusion

Answer 6

movement of molecules from higher to lower concentration

Question 7

surfactant

Answer 7

lipoprotein that lowers surface tension in alveoli – decreases tendency of alveoli to collapse

Question 8

atelectasis

Answer 8

alveolar collapse when surfactant insufficient

Question 9

dyspnea

Answer 9

SOB w/hypoxia

Question 10

physiological dyspnea

Answer 10

w/exercise

Question 11

pathological dyspnea

Answer 11

at rest

Question 12

orthopnea

Answer 12

SOB when lying down

Question 13

hemoptysis

Answer 13

bloody sputu

Question 14

wheezing

Answer 14

high-pitched musical sound of air passing through narrow space

Question 15

eupnea

Answer 15

normal, 16-20

Question 16

tachypnea

Answer 16

rapid shallow breaths – >35

Question 17

bradypnea

Answer 17

<10

Question 18

Cheyne-Stokes

Answer 18

pattern of increase then decrease

Question 19

PEFR

Answer 19

highest point obtained during maximum expiration

Question 20

oximetry

Answer 20

measures capillary O2 concentration

Question 21

chest x-ray

Answer 21

visualizes lung fileds for fluid, masses, fractures, heart size

Question 22

bronchoscopy

Answer 22

visual exam of pulmonary system

Question 23

lung scan

Answer 23

CT scan for measuring masses

Question 24

sputum culture

Answer 24

collect sputum for AFB and cytology

Question 25

cyanosis

Answer 25

discoloration of skin/mucous membrane from decreased oxygen

Question 26

hyperpnea

Answer 26

rapid deep breaths, required to meet metabolic demand of body tissues

Question 27

empyema

Answer 27

lung abscess

Question 28

hypoxemia

Answer 28

low blood oxygen levels (saturation < 85%)

Question 29

hypercapnia

Answer 29

elevated CO2 in blood

Question 30

pulmonary hypertension

Answer 30

mean pulmonary artery pressure 5-10 mm Hg above normal or above 20 mm Hg

Question 31

meconium ileus

Answer 31

blockage of intestine

Question 32

steatorrhea

Answer 32

bulky/greasy stools

Question 33

catarhal exudate

Answer 33

seen in nose/throat – high mucus content

Question 34

serous exudate

Answer 34

watery – seen in TB

Question 35

malignant exudate

Answer 35

seen in pleural effusion where cancer cells are present

Question 36

fibrinous exudate

Answer 36

composed of fibrinogen/fibrin – seen in strep throat, bacterial pneumonia

Question 37

purulent/suppurative exudate

Answer 37

plasma with active/dead WBC – pus