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adv patho > patho exam 5 > Flashcards

patho exam 5 Flashcards

1
Q

how much cardiac output goes to the kidneys

A

20-25%

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2
Q

Diuresis results in what side effect

A

hypokalemia

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3
Q

most common type of renal stones are

A

calcium deposit stones- doctor will recommend low calcium diet to prevent hypercalcemia

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4
Q

what is hypospadias anatomy

A

urethral meatus opening located on ventral side of penis rather than the tip

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5
Q

chordee

A

results from hypospadias- penis is curved or twisted (torsion)

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6
Q

wilms tumor

A

nephroblastoma- tumor of the kidney, causes kidney dysfunction

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7
Q

wilms tumor is diagnosed by

A

a biopsy- child will have abd swelling

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8
Q

nocturnal emesis

A

nighttime wetting

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9
Q

primary and secondary emesis

A

primary- child hasnt been fully potty trained
secondary- child has a period of dryness then wets the bed

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10
Q

compact bone vs spongy bone

A

compact is tightly packed bone
spongy is more porous

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11
Q

volkmann canal

A

allows large blood vessels to penetrate the inner structures of our bones- found in larger bones

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12
Q

diarthrosis

A

found in all synovial joints, helps joint move freely

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13
Q

symphysis

A

fibrocartilage that connects the bone

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14
Q

synchondrosis

A

Hyland cartilage found in epithelial growth plates of growing child

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15
Q

troponin and tropomyosin

A

Enzymes produced to prevent muscle contraction

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16
Q

pt with tremor will have low

A

troponin and tropomyosin bc their muscles are constantly contracting

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17
Q

sarcopenia

A

progressive disease that causes decrease in muscle mass and strength of the bones

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18
Q

what is subluxation

A

partial dislocation- Contact between articular surfaces is only partially lost not fully lost

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19
Q

sprain

A

Tear or injury to a ligament

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20
Q

strain

A

tear or injury to a muscle or tendon

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21
Q

Epicondylopathy

A

tear of a tendon where it attaches to a bone- found at the end of long bones such as elbow

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22
Q

epicondylopathy are related to what injury

A

tennis elbow (lateral) golfer elbow (medial)

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23
Q

epicondylopathy is diagnosed how

A

MRi

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24
Q

Rhabdomyolysis s/s triad

A

Muscle pain
Weakness
Dark urine

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25
Q

how is rhabdomyolysis diagnosed

A

Diagnosed when Creatinine Kinase level is five to ten times higher then normal due to protein released from muscle damage

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26
Q

osteoporosis

A

Metabolic bone disease, Poorly mineralized bone and increased risk of fractures, old bone reabsorbed faster than new bone is made

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27
Q

manifestations of osteoporosis

A

Pain and bone deformity because of fracture
Kyphosis, Hunchback caused by vertebral collapse

28
Q

osteomalacia

A

Metabolic disease, characterized by inadequate and delayed mineralization of osteoid. Soft bone disease”

29
Q

osteomalacia results from

A

Vit D deficiency

30
Q

Causes of Rheumatoid arthritis

A

autoimmune chronic disease, cause unknown- multifactorial

31
Q

Ankylosing spondylitis

A

chronic Inflammatory joint disease of the spine or sacroiliac joints causing stiffening and fusion of the joints

32
Q

how to help ankylosing spondylitis

A

Weight loss, Strengthen pelvic muscles & holistic measures

33
Q

Fibromyalgia is chronic __

A

Chronic widespread diffuse joint and muscle pain, fatigue, and tender points

34
Q

check hip clicking in children to assess for

A

hip dysplasia
look for odonalic click in hips, check heel length

35
Q

Osgood Schlatter disease

A

Inflammation of patellar tendon
Growing teenage boys

36
Q

Duchenne Muscular dystrophy

A

short life span, debilitating

37
Q

treatment of duchenne

A

steroids, long term care

38
Q

osteosarcoma is present in what bones

A

the distal bones

39
Q

ewing sarcoma is

A

a tumor that affects the small round cells in the bone marrow and soft tissue

40
Q

functions of nasopharynx

A

The nasopharynx allows air to flow from the nose to the lungs by connecting the nasal passages to the rest of the respiratory system , humidify

41
Q

cells that create surfactant are

A

type 2 alveolar cells

42
Q

surfactant helps prevent

A

the alveoli from collpasing

43
Q

Pulm function tests test for

A

vital capacity

44
Q

vital capacity is

A

the maximum amount of CO2 that is expired

45
Q

empyema

A

pus in the pleural space of the lungs- dark sludgy

46
Q

what causes empyema

A

Pseudomonas or staph bacteria causes this

47
Q

asthma is

A

chronic inflammation of the airways- genetic and environmental factors such as allergens and pollution= mast cells activation

48
Q

asthma wheeze

A

Expiratory wheeze- musical sounds- from air going through a narrow airway

49
Q

Pneumonia

A

lower respiratory tract infection caused by bacteria or viral

50
Q

Tuberculosis is

A

infection by the mycobacterium tuberculosis

51
Q

TB is spread by

A

airborne transmission - need negative pressure roon

52
Q

TB tested how

A

Acid Fast test

53
Q

who is at highest risk for a PE

A

Pregnant woman

54
Q

PE most commonly arise from

A

deep veins in the lower legs

55
Q

what has to be ruled out for a PE

A

Rule out R heart strain w/ echocardiogram

56
Q

s/s of PE

A

SOB, tachycardia

57
Q

croup

A

viral infection in peds, barking cough

58
Q

what helps croup

A

cold air

59
Q

resp distress syndrome happens when

A

Newborn demonstrates RDS after birth

60
Q

influenza complications

A

bronchitis obliterans- Occlusion of bronchus due to the influenza

61
Q

cystic fibrosis

A

Autosomal recessive inherited disease

62
Q

cystic fibrosis tested how

A

Test amount of chloride in sweat- chloride sweat test to diagnose

63
Q

SIDS happens most when

A

2 to 4 months
lay baby on back , NO co sleeping

64
Q

sublaxation s/s

A
65
Q

major complication of osteoporosis

A

fractures

66
Q

secondary osteoporosis

A

caused by conditions such as Hormonal imbalances
Medications
Disease

67
Q

gold standard for detecting osteoporosis

A

dual x ray

adv patho (4 decks)

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