patho exam 3 Flashcards
Weight loss drugs effects of the sympathetic nervous system
Tachycardic- think caffeine
pacemaker cells of the heart
SA node (p wave)
vagus nerve stimulator decreases ____
decreases cardiac conduction
cardiac muscles network
branched network
skeletal muscles network
linear network
Cardiac muscle contractions
Z line gets smaller
Raynaud disease
Capillaries vasoconstrict (chronic)
Frank-Starling law is how ___ is determined
how cardiac output is determined- relationsip vetween volume and force
PE
DVT that dislodges
Myocardial ischemia cause
cause is atherosclerosis
Myocardial infarction- what would middle aged mans autopsy show
Middle aged man who dies of MI - autopsy would show atherosclerosis vessels & platelet aggregation in vessels. (plaque or platelets) platelets = thrombus
Constrictive pericarditis
Pericardium of the heart becomes fibrous and calcifies
Pericardium becomes unable to move freely with the heart
Mitral valve prolapse
Most common cardiac valve disease in the US
cardiogenic shock primary cause
Decreased cardiac contractility
Anaphylactic shock onset
occurs suddenly and is life threatening
septic shock progression
Bacteria has entered the bloodstream and has had time to circulate
Cardiac biomarkers
troponin
ventricular septal defect
Most common type of congenital heart disease in infants
Tetralogy of Fallot symptoms and presentation
Central cyanosis, crying after feeding, irritability
Kawasaki disease
Inflammation in small capillaries, arteries and veins
pediatric hypertension cause
Cause is usually renal disease
Anomalous pulmonary venous connection
Pulmonary venous return goes into the right atrium (RA)
Trisomy 18 congenital heart defects
Ventricular septal defect
Somatic pain presents as
sharp pain and well localized
chronic pain lasts
3-6 months
Nociceptive Pain
localized , throbbing pain
Pain threshold of children
pain is variable
Cognitive evaluation system
Helps modulate a kids perception of pain
Characteristics of malignant tumors
they vary in shape and size
Tumor markers are usually
an enzyme of some kind
Human papillomavirus causes
HPV causes cervical cancer
Routes of metastasis
Contact or Lymphatic system (fastest route)
Use of adjuvant chemotherapy
Usually used after tumor removal
Environmental risk factors to cancer
1 Cigarette smoke
basal cell carcinoma usually found
head or neck
colon cancer prevention
Increase gut motility
High fiber
Stool softeners
Childhood cancer origin
mesodermal germ layer
Causes of adenocarcinoma
Exposure to DES substance
Hepatocellular carcinoma is caused by
anabolic steroids
Cancer screening
annual colonoscopy
Distinguishing malignant tumors from benign
malignant tumors are painless !
aortic dissection
a life-threatening condition that occurs when the wall of the aorta (tfhe body’s main artery) tears
