patho exam 3

Question 1

Weight loss drugs effects of the sympathetic nervous system

Answer 1

Tachycardic- think caffeine

Question 2

pacemaker cells of the heart

Answer 2

SA node (p wave)

Question 3

vagus nerve stimulator decreases ____

Answer 3

decreases cardiac conduction

Question 4

cardiac muscles network

Answer 4

branched network

Question 5

skeletal muscles network

Answer 5

linear network

Question 6

Cardiac muscle contractions

Answer 6

Z line gets smaller

Question 7

Raynaud disease

Answer 7

Capillaries vasoconstrict (chronic)

Question 7

Frank-Starling law is how ___ is determined

Answer 7

how cardiac output is determined- relationsip vetween volume and force

Question 7

PE

Answer 7

DVT that dislodges

Question 8

Myocardial ischemia cause

Answer 8

cause is atherosclerosis

Question 8

Myocardial infarction- what would middle aged mans autopsy show

Answer 8

Middle aged man who dies of MI - autopsy would show atherosclerosis vessels & platelet aggregation in vessels. (plaque or platelets) platelets = thrombus

Question 9

Constrictive pericarditis

Answer 9

Pericardium of the heart becomes fibrous and calcifies
Pericardium becomes unable to move freely with the heart

Question 10

Mitral valve prolapse

Answer 10

Most common cardiac valve disease in the US

Question 11

cardiogenic shock primary cause

Answer 11

Decreased cardiac contractility

Question 12

Anaphylactic shock onset

Answer 12

occurs suddenly and is life threatening

Question 13

septic shock progression

Answer 13

Bacteria has entered the bloodstream and has had time to circulate

Question 14

Cardiac biomarkers

Answer 14

troponin

Question 15

ventricular septal defect

Answer 15

Most common type of congenital heart disease in infants

Question 16

Tetralogy of Fallot symptoms and presentation

Answer 16

Central cyanosis, crying after feeding, irritability

Question 17

Kawasaki disease

Answer 17

Inflammation in small capillaries, arteries and veins

Question 18

pediatric hypertension cause

Answer 18

Cause is usually renal disease

Question 19

Anomalous pulmonary venous connection

Answer 19

Pulmonary venous return goes into the right atrium (RA)

Question 20

Trisomy 18 congenital heart defects

Answer 20

Ventricular septal defect

Question 21

Somatic pain presents as

Answer 21

sharp pain and well localized

Question 22

chronic pain lasts

Answer 22

3-6 months

Question 23

Nociceptive Pain

Answer 23

localized , throbbing pain

Question 24

Pain threshold of children

Answer 24

pain is variable

Question 25

Cognitive evaluation system

Answer 25

Helps modulate a kids perception of pain

Question 26

Characteristics of malignant tumors

Answer 26

they vary in shape and size

Question 27

Tumor markers are usually

Answer 27

an enzyme of some kind

Question 28

Human papillomavirus causes

Answer 28

HPV causes cervical cancer

Question 29

Routes of metastasis

Answer 29

Contact or Lymphatic system (fastest route)

Question 30

Use of adjuvant chemotherapy

Answer 30

Usually used after tumor removal

Question 31

Environmental risk factors to cancer

Answer 31

1 Cigarette smoke

Question 32

basal cell carcinoma usually found

Answer 32

head or neck

Question 33

colon cancer prevention

Answer 33

Increase gut motility
High fiber
Stool softeners

Question 34

Childhood cancer origin

Answer 34

mesodermal germ layer

Question 35

Causes of adenocarcinoma

Answer 35

Exposure to DES substance

Question 36

Hepatocellular carcinoma is caused by

Answer 36

anabolic steroids

Question 37

Cancer screening

Answer 37

annual colonoscopy

Question 38

Distinguishing malignant tumors from benign

Answer 38

malignant tumors are painless !

Question 39

aortic dissection

Answer 39

a life-threatening condition that occurs when the wall of the aorta (tfhe body’s main artery) tears