Patho Exam 2 Hypertension Flashcards
What are the four factors that increase blood pressure?
increased CO
increased blood viscosity
increased vascular resistance
increased sympathetic signals
Four hormones that increase blood pressure
epi, norepi, AHD, and angiotension II
How do epi and norepi increase BP?
increased cardiac output and causes vasoconstriction
How does ADH increase BP?
vasoconstriction increased salt and water reabsorption
How does angiotension II cause increased BP?
causes vasoconstriction of arterioles and causes aldosterone secretion
Which hormones decrease BP?
Atrial natriuetic peptide
histamine
Nitric oxide
How does ANP reduce BP?
causes vasodialation and promotes salta and water loss in urine
How does histamine reduce BP?
vasodilation of arterioles
How does nitric oxide reduce BP?
vasodilation of arterioles
What is the funtion of baroreceptors and where are they?
Located in aortic arch and carotid sinus
Maintain BP by sensing stretch of artery. When BP is low, baroreceptors send a signal to the brain to signal to the B1 and alpha receptors. B1 increase CO and Alpha cause vasoconstriction
What damage does HTN cause for the heart?
left ventricular hypertrophy
angina or myocardial infarction
coronary revascularization
heart failure
What damage does HTN cause for the brain?
stroke or TIA
What damage does HTN cause for the kidneys?
chronic kidney disease
What damage does HTN cause for the arteries?
peripheral arterial disease
What damage does HTN cause for the eyes?
retinopathy