patho comp exam

Question 1

• High TSH, normal to low FT4

* High prolactin level

Answer 1

hypothyroidism

Question 2

You might suspect that the origin of hypothyroidism is in the ______

Answer 2

Pituitary

Question 3

Complication of severe hypertension

Renal arterioles undergo thickening from carrying blood at a much higher pressure

Answer 3

Arteriolar Nephrosclerosis

Question 4

The greater the stretch, the harder the snap

Answer 4

Frank Starling mechanism

Question 5

Results from long term inflammation that replaces healthy tissue with fibrotic tissue =

Answer 5

remodeling

Question 6

Allows changes in RVoutput to match changes in the venous return

Answer 6

Frank Starling mechanism

Question 7

Lives in brush boarder plays important role in glucose metabolism

Answer 7

sodium glucose transport proteins

Incretins

Question 8

Any condition brought on by a sudden reduction or blockage of blood flow to the heart.

Answer 8

acute coronary syndrome

ranges from unstable angina to non ST-segment elevation (NSTEMI) and ST elevation MI

Question 9

Earliest marker of myocardial damage

Answer 9

Myoglobin

Question 10

Atrial Fibrillation

Answer 10

Atrial cells are very sensitive and can take over SA function causing chaotic firing and contraction

Question 11

causes of a fib

Answer 11

PIRATES
Pulmonary – COPD, Pulmonary embolism
Iatrogenic – cardiac surgery
Rheumatic heart disease and mitral regurgitation
Atherosclerosis/MI/Failure
Endocarditis
Sick sinus syndrome

Question 12

acute pain chrachteristics

Answer 12

Sudden onset, in response to injury
usually subsides quickly
Sharp
localized sensations with an identifiable cause – nocioceptive pain

Question 13

Chronic pain characteristics

Answer 13

Pain that persists
lasting longer than 3-6 months
weakly related to the extent of inflammation or injury (Hypersensitized nerve cells?)

Question 14

Red Flags for genetic disease

Answer 14

1. Family with multiple family members w/ condition
2. Earlier than expected age of onset
3. Condition in the less than affected sex
4. Disease in the absence of known risk factors –
   good weight, athlete with high cholesterol
5. Ethnic predisposition to certain genetic disorders
6. Consanguinity (close biological relationship between parents)

Question 15

complications of diabetes

Answer 15

Microvascular:

Retinopathy
Nephropathy
Neuropathy
Diabetic Autonomic Neuropathy

Macrovascular:
Stroke
Coronary disease
Arterial disease

Question 16

Diabetic Autonomic Neuropathy affects

Answer 16

Exercise intolerance
resting tachycardia
silent ischemia
sudden cardiac death
increased risk of silent myocardial infarct
Gastroparesis, constipation, diarrhea
Bladder dysfunction
Erectile dysfunction