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PLE > PATHO: CELLULAR INJURY AND INFLAMMATION > Flashcards

PATHO: CELLULAR INJURY AND INFLAMMATION Flashcards

1
Q

DESCRIBE EVENTS OF APOPTOSIS VERSUS NECROSIS

A

APOPTOSIS: Reduced cell, fragmented nucleosome sized material, intact cell membrane, no adjacent inflammation, physiologi
NECROSIS: opposite of apoptosis

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2
Q

stimulus for hypetrophy

what is the end product

A

functional demand/ hormonal stimulation

PROTEIN ang nagpapalaki

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3
Q

stimulus for hyperplasia

A

hormonal/compensatory

increase output of new cells from stem cells

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4
Q

metaplasia, reversible or irreversible

A

reversible

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5
Q

decreased basophili and chromatin of nucleus is called

A

karyolysis

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6
Q

nuclear shrinkage with increased basophilia

A

pyknosis

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7
Q

fragmentation of pyknotic nucleus

A

karyorrhexis

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8
Q

kind of necrosis involved in gangrenous necrosis

A

coagulative

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9
Q

elements of fibrinoid necrosis

A

fibrin and immune complexes

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10
Q

fundamental cause of cell death

A

decreased ATP

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11
Q

intrinsic initiation phase of apoptosis steps

A

inactivation of BCL2- activation on BAK AND BAX- leakage of cytochrome C- activation of caspases

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12
Q

extrinsic initiation of apoptosis involves what?

A

attachment of fast ligand

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13
Q

name the initiator and executioner caspases

A

executioner caspases: 3,6
initiator caspases:
extrinsic: 8,10
intrinsic:9

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14
Q

accumulation of ____seen in steatosis

A

TAG

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15
Q

alpha 1 antitrypsin PAS _____ diastase_____

A

pas positive

diastase resistant

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16
Q

glycogen PAS ____ diastase____

A

pas positive

diastase sensitive

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17
Q

type of tissue in dystrophic versus metastatic calcification

A

dystrophic: necrotic
metastatic: live

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18
Q

increased calcium levels seen in dystrophic or metastatic calcification

A

increased in metastatic

normal in dystrophic

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19
Q

insulin promotes or defers cellular aging

A

promotes

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20
Q

name three intracellular signals that are sensor of cell damage

A

uric acid
ATP
k

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21
Q

first event of inflammation

A

vasodilation

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22
Q

first vessels to dilate in inflammation

A

arterioles

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23
Q

adhesion molecules involved in rolling of wbc

A

selectin

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24
Q

adhesion molecule of adhesion of wbc

A

integrin

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25
Q

cytokines that have rolling and adhesion effects

A

TNF, IL 1

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26
Q

adhesion molecule involved in diapedesis

A

cd 31 and pecam 1

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27
Q

usually neutrophils are only present at the site of inflammation for 48h but this bacteria can illicit neutrophilia for several days

A

pseudomonas

28
Q

give three anti inflammatory cytokines

A

TGF beta, IL-10, lipoxin

29
Q

parent compound of serotonin

A

tryptophan

30
Q

c1 inhibitory deficiency

A

hereditary angioedema

31
Q

paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria is the absense of?

A

decay accelerating factor and CD59 deficiency

32
Q

deficiency in late components of the complement will predispose the patient with infections from

A

neisseria gonorrheae

33
Q

platelet activating factor is similar to what biochemical compound

A

histamine

34
Q

effect of bradykinins

A

vascular permeability and contraction of smooth muscle

35
Q

neuropeptides like substance p , effect

A

vascular permeability and BP regulation

36
Q

microscopic hall mark of acute inflammation

A

vasodilation and accumulation of PMSs

37
Q

principal cells involved in chronic inflamm

A

macrophages and lymphocytes

38
Q

Interferon gamma and IL 12 pro or anti inflammatory

A

pro inflammatory

39
Q

IL 13, 14 pro or anti inflammatory

A

anti inflammatory

40
Q

T helper cells involved in autoimmune diseases

A

TH1 and TH17

41
Q

IL 4 pro or anti inflamm

A

anti inflamm

42
Q

IL 6 pro or anti inflam

A

six is evil , so pro inflamm

43
Q

labile/ stable/permanent: hematopoeitic stem cells

A

labile

44
Q

labile/ stable/permanent: surface epithelium

A

labile

45
Q

at what phase of the cell cycle are stble cells arrested

A

G0

46
Q

labile/ stable/permanent: liver

A

stable

47
Q

labile/ stable/permanent: neurons

A

permanent

48
Q

labile/ stable/permanent: liver

A

stable

49
Q

labile/ stable/permanent: cardiac

A

permanent

50
Q

labile/ stable/permanent: endothelium

A

stable

51
Q

labile/ stable/permanent: skeletal muscle cells

A

permanent

52
Q

labile/ stable/permanent: pancreas

A

stable

53
Q

labile/ stable/permanent: kidney

A

stable

54
Q

hallmark of repair, what are its components

A

granulation tissue

fibroblast
loose CT
new blood vessels
inflammatory cells

55
Q

central cells in repair

A

macrophage

56
Q

most important cytokine for synthesis and deposition of CT

A

TGF Beta

57
Q

how does glucocorticoid inhibit healing

A

inhibits TGF beta

58
Q

cetrilobular hemorrhage is seen in acute/chronic stasis

A

chronic

59
Q

lines of zahn are seen in arterial /venous

A

arterial

60
Q

sites where arterial thrombosis is most common

A

coronary , cerebral, femoral

61
Q

most common source of pulmonary embolism

A

DVT

62
Q

most common source of a systemic thrombi

A

MURAL thrombus

remember: abnormalities in heart contraction causes mural thrombi

63
Q

most common clinical manifestation of a pulmonary emboli

A

clinically silent, but may manifest with pulmonary hemorrhage due to the dual blood supply

64
Q

amount of air that can cause embolism

A

100cc

65
Q

t/f the lungs are resistant to hypoxic injury

A

true , therefore its not airway breathing circulation na

its circulation first, kaya na yan ni lungs!!!

PLE (4 decks)

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