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MIDTERMS > PATHfit Reviewer > Flashcards

PATHfit Reviewer Flashcards

1
Q

Study of the structure and function of muscles in the human body.

A

Muscle Anatomy

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2
Q

Key components of muscles

A

Muscle Fibers
Fascia
Tendons

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3
Q

Basic building blocks of muscles.

A

Muscle Fibers

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4
Q

Long cylindrical cells that contains specialized proteins that contract and relax to produce movement

A

Myofibrils

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5
Q

Refers to the connective tissue that surrounds and separate muscles and other internal structures.

A

Fascia

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6
Q

Are strong fibrous connective tissue that connect muscles to bones. They transfer the force generated by muscle contraction to produce movement.

A

Tendons

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7
Q

Types of muscles

A

Cardiac muscles
Skeletal muscles
Smooth muscles

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8
Q

Only found in the heart. They are responsible for the contraction and popping of the heart. Helping to circulate blood throughout the body.

A

Cardiac muscles

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9
Q

Attached to the bones and help the body move. They are under voluntary control and are the most common type of muscles in the human body.

A

Skeletal muscles

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10
Q

Found in the walls of internal organs such as the stomach intestines and blood vessels. They move involuntary and control various internal processes.

A

Smooth muscles

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11
Q

Functions of muscles

A

Movement
Stability and posture
Heat production
Protection

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12
Q

Contracting and relaxing and response to nerve signals. This allow for locomotion, maintaining posture, in carrying out voluntary activities.

A

Movement

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13
Q

Muscles provides the ability and support to the skeletal system, allowing individuals to maintain balance and posture.

A

Stability and posture

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14
Q

Muscle contractions generate heat, contributing to body temperature.

A

Heat production

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15
Q

Muscle protect vital organs, such as the heart and lungs, by forming layers of muscles tissues around them.

A

Protection

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16
Q

The nervous system signals the muscles to contract, and calcium is released to trigger actin myosin interaction

A

Contraction process

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17
Q

After the nervous signal ceases, the calcium is reabsorbed, in the muscle fibers return to this original state.

A

Relaxation process

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18
Q

Common muscle injuries

A

Sprain
Strain
Muscle tears

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19
Q

Can occur due to over exertion improper use of muscles or insufficient warm up

A

Muscle tears

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20
Q

Prevention tips

A

Proper warm up
Maintain good posture
Regular stretching

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21
Q

How many muscles in the human body

A

About 600 muscles

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22
Q

The largest muscles in the body

A

Gluteus maximus

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23
Q

Strongest muscles in the body

A

Masseter

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24
Q

A muscle within the ear. The smallest muscle in the body

A

Stapedius

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25
Q

The weakest muscle in the body

A

Stapedius

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26
Q

A partial or complete break in the bone

A

Fracture

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27
Q

A separation of two bones where they meet at a joint

A

Dislocation

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28
Q

An injury to the ligament around a joint

A

Sprain

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29
Q

When a muscle or tendon is stretched too far

A

Strain

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30
Q

Muscle to bone

A

Tendon

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31
Q

Muscle to muscle

A

Ligaments

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32
Q

How muscle moves

A

Cerebral cortex
Spinal nerves
Muscle innervation

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33
Q

A structure deep in your brain, acts as body smart control coordinating center

A

Hypothalamus

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34
Q

Various actions or motions that can be performed by the body’s joints and muscles

A

Anatomical movement

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35
Q

Bending movement that decreases the angle between two body parts. Occurs in sagittal plane

A

Flexion

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36
Q

Straightening or increasing the angle between two body parts. Occurs in sagittal plane

A

Extension

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37
Q

Bending or tilting a body sideways. Occurs in frontal plane

A

Lateral flexion

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38
Q

Takes a body part away from the midline of the body. Occurs in frontal plane

A

Abduction

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39
Q

Brings a body part closer to the midline of the body. Occurs in frontal plane

A

Adduction

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40
Q

Movement of a body part around its own axis

A

Rotation

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41
Q

Rotating a body part towards the midline of the body or its axis. Occurs in transverse plane

A

Internal rotation

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42
Q

Rotating a body part away from the midline of the body or its axis. Occurs in transverse plane

A

External rotation

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43
Q

Complex movement that combines flexion extension abduction and adduction. Moving a body part in a circular motion

A

Circumduction

44
Q

Movement of the forearm where the palm faces upward or anteriorly

A

Supination

45
Q

Rotation of the forearm where the palm faces downwards or posteriorly

A

Pronation

46
Q

Lowering or moving a body part inferiorly or downward. Occurs in frontal plane

A

Depression

47
Q

Racing or lifting a body parts superiorly or vertically. Occurs in frontal

A

Elevation

48
Q

Extending a joint beyond its normal range of motion in the direction opposite of flexion.

A

Hyperextension

49
Q

Used to orient the position of a body part in relation to the rest of the body

A

Anatomical direction

50
Q

Above or towards the head

A

Superior

51
Q

Below or towards the feet

A

Inferior

52
Q

Closer to an attached area or trunk

A

Proximal

53
Q

Further from an attached area or trunk

A

Distal

54
Q

Towards the midline

A

Medial

55
Q

Away from the midline

A

Lateral

56
Q

Front of the body

A

Anterior

57
Q

Back of the body

A

Posterior

58
Q

Anatomical planes

A

Frontal plane
Sagittal plane
Transverse plane

59
Q

Divides front from back

A

Frontal plane

60
Q

Divides left from right

A

Sagittal plane

61
Q

Divide horizontally creating inferior and superior sections

A

Transverse plane

62
Q

Movement of the pad of the thumb to touch another finger

A

Opposition

63
Q

Reversal of opposition

A

Reposition

64
Q

Pushing or pointing the toes and the ball of the foot down towards the ground

A

Plantar flexion

65
Q

Standing on the hill of the foot toes are pointing up toward the sky

A

Dorsiflexion

66
Q

Moving the photo turn the sole inwards

A

Inversion

67
Q

Moving the foot to turn the sole outward

A

Eversion

68
Q

Moving a body part forward

A

Protraction

69
Q

Moving a body part backward

A

Retraction

70
Q

Capacity of the body to do activities without exhaustion

A

Physical fitness

71
Q

Basic components of fitness

A

Health related fitness components
Skill related fitness components

72
Q

Health related fitness component

A

Cardiovascular endurance
Muscular strength
Muscular endurance
Flexibility
Body composition

73
Q

Skills related fitness

A

Speed
Power
Reaction time
Coordination
Balance
Agility

74
Q

Total capacity of the heart and lungs to do lengthy activities without getting tired

A

Cardiovascular endurance

75
Q

Ability of muscles to overcome the resistance

A

Muscular strength

76
Q

Capacity of joints to stretch maximum

A

Flexibility

77
Q

Muscles ability to do lengthy activities

A

Muscular endurance

78
Q

Percentage of fat water and muscles in the human body

A

Body composition

79
Q

Ability to move as fast as possible

A

Speed

80
Q

Ability to use muscular strength quickly

A

Power

81
Q

The time elapsed between stimuli and response. reaction is the ability to react quickly to a stimuli

A

Reaction time

82
Q

The ability to make movements work together

A

Coordination

83
Q

Ability to control the body in standing moving and performing position

A

Balance

84
Q

Ability of the body to change the direction

A

Agility

85
Q

Refers to the idea that training should be specific to the activity or skill being trained

A

Specificity

86
Q

Also known as SAID

A

Specificity

87
Q

Specificity applies to

A

Muscle and movements
Energy systems
Speed of movement

88
Q

When you gradually increase the weight frequency or number of repetition

A

Progressive overload

89
Q

FITT

A

Frequency intensity time type

90
Q

Number of times exercise is undertaken in a week

A

Frequency

91
Q

Level of difficulty of the exercise

A

Intensity

92
Q

Refers to how long an exercise sessions last

A

Time

93
Q

Refers to the variety of training a performer undertakes

A

Type

94
Q

States that each person is unique and therefore everyone’s response that they experience toward exercise is different

A

Individual differences/needs

95
Q

What are the things to consider in individual differences or needs

A

Athlete’s genetic
Fitness
Skills
Adaptability
Experience

96
Q

Increases the risk of injury and illness and can decrease how will you perform

A

Overtraining

97
Q

Two types of recovery

A

Passive recovery
Active recovery

98
Q

Taking the entire day of from exercise

A

Passive recovery

99
Q

Engage in a low intensity exercise, praising minimal stress on the body

A

Active recovery

100
Q

How a person loses fitness advancement or gains when they stop exercising

A

Reversibility

101
Q

The rate at which fitness gains are reversed

A

Reversibility

102
Q

Types of somatotype

A

Endomorph
Mesomorph
Ectomorph

103
Q

Characterized by overweight or obese. Described as having around, low muscle mass, short limbs, when the large head

A

Endomorph

104
Q

Describe as muscular body type. Have white shoulder and narrow hips, moderate bone mass, low fat levels.

A

Mesomorph

105
Q

Individuals with long lean muscle arms and legs. Characterized by low levels of fat storage and an overall inability to gain weight and develop muscle mass.

A

Ectomorph

MIDTERMS (6 decks)

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