PATH TUMOURS

Question 1

ANY AGE/ GENDER
adult: 75% prostate, breast, kidney and lung
Children: neuroblastoma, wilms tumour, osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma etc

Answer 1

METASTATIC TUMOUR

malignant

Question 2

20s // in medullary cavity
small bones of hands/feet and humerus
<3cm

Answer 2

ENCHONDROMA

benign cartilage forming

Question 3

PT 5-25 // TUMOUR <2cm
preference for appendicular skeleton [50% femur/tibia]
severe nocturnal pain relieved by NSAIDS
xray shows radiolucency with dense, reactive bone

Answer 3

OSTEOID OSTEOMA

benign bone-forming

Question 4

20-50 // surface of bone
moreso femur/hands > feet/humerus
radiolucency with irreg calcifications
pain and deformity

Answer 4

JUXTACORTICAL CHONDROMA

benign cartilage forming

Question 5

> 40 / 90% occurring without precursor
SECONDARILY can occur from preexisting enchondroma or osteochondroma
Long/flat bones – pelvis, ribs, scapula
Painful and progressively enlarging
Large bulky tumours – firm grey blue

Answer 5

CHONDROSARCOMA

malignant cartilage forming

Question 6

<20 and >40 // Dull pain - / + mass
Xray shows bone lesion with new bone formation. Sunburst appearance
Favours metaphyseal end of long bones – knee 50%
Haematogenous metastasis - lungs, bones, brain, 10-20% pulmonary metastasis at time of diagnosis.
Cut surface – haemorrhage + necrosis

Answer 6

osteosarcoma

malignant bone forming

Question 7

pt 10-30 // >2cm in size
preference by axial skeleton [40%]
vertebral column, long bones
dull pain unresponsive to medication

Answer 7

OSTEOBLASTOMA

benign bone-forming

Question 8

65-70 // M>F 2:1
uknown cause
Proliferation of plasma cells in bone marrow
vertebral column, skull, pelvis and femur. bone pain and fatigue
soft, red or pink, gelatinous areas of osteolysis within the marrow cavities

Answer 8

MULTIPLE MYELOMA

malignant

Question 9

40-50
RARE
occurs in skull or facial bones

Answer 9

OSTEOMA

benign bone forming

Question 10

M > F [80%] // 5-20
Recognised gene fusion with 90%
Diaphysis of long bones- upper > lower
Medullary canal invading soft tissues

Haemorrhage and necrosis
Similar to osteomyelitis
Onion skinning in radiography

Answer 10

EWING SARCOMA

malignant

Question 11

late adolecence / early childhood
hyaline cartilage cap and bony stalk
arise near growth plates, often knee
slow growing mass

Answer 11

OSTEOCHONDROMA

benign cartilage forming