BIOCHEM

Question 1

FALTERING GROWTH
LIST CONCERNS FOR THRIVING [5]

Answer 1

Falling 1+ percentile if weight below 9th
falling 2+ if weight 9-91st
falling 3+ if weight above 91st
weight below 2nd centile for age, no matter birthweight
two centile lines between weight and length

Question 2

NUTRIENTS OF IMPORTANCE FOR TEENS

Answer 2

calcium - growth spurts, peak bone mass etc
iron - transporting oxygen

Question 3

GROWTH FOR TEENS

Answer 3

females begin 9, peak 11-12. growth done around 14-15, typically within a year post first menstruation

males begin 10, peak 12-14 and ends by 19

Question 4

BREAST MILK COMPOSITION

Answer 4

colostrum first 3 days - immune protection and development factors
3 DAYS: MILK. fore milk; lower in fat, watery. hind milk; fattier and creamier. ensure baby has all

Question 5

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF BIOCHEMICAL MEASURES

Answer 5

ADVANTAGES:Useful in detecting early changes
Precise, accurate and reproducible as a validation tool

DISADVANTAGES: Time consuming
expensive
Not applied on a large scale
Needs trained personnel and equipment

Question 6

CLINICAL METHODS INC. ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES

Answer 6

looking at mouth, nails, pallor, thyroid gland etc.
shows signs of deficiency

ADVANTAGES:Fast and easy to perform
Inexpensive, Non-invasive
DISADVANTAGES: Does not detect early cases
needs trained personnel

Question 7

PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH AGEING AND EATING

Answer 7

increased risk of cognitive impairment
changes in body composition
decline in immune function
changes in GI tract
dental problems
arthritis and eye problems
sensory losses
polypharmacy

Question 8

COMMONLY ELDERLY NUTRITION ILLNESSES

Answer 8

malnutrition
sarcopenia, osteoporosis
hypertension
T2D
vision problems, arthritis, dementia

Question 9

DISCUSS DIETARY ASSESSMENT

Answer 9

quantitive and qualitative assessment of food intake

using 24 hour food records, dietary history, questionnaires etc. determines unintentional weight loss, sickness, illness etc

Question 10

SOCIOLOGICAL CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH CHANGES AND EATING

Answer 10

activity level decreases
eating alone
changes in support systems

Question 11

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF ANTHROPOMETRIC METHODS

Answer 11

ADVANTAGES: Objective
Reproducible
Non-expensive and need minimal training

DISADVANTAGES: Inter-observer error [although minimal]
Limited nutritional diagnosis
Arbitrary statistical cut off levels for abnormal [BMI etc]

Question 12

NUTRIENTS OF IMPORTANCE FOR ELDERLY

Answer 12

calcium - provide strength to the skeleton
vitamin D - essential for bone health and increases calcium absorption. bone mineralisation
Vitamin B12 - stomach acid decreases and lining weakens - absorption becomes less effective
sodium - DECREASE!

Question 13

INFORMATION ABOUT EATING SOLIDS - AGE, SIGNS, FOOD PROGRESSION

Answer 13

6 months; should aim to eat with family by 12
signs: good head control, puts hand to mouth, watches people eating, leans forward to spoons/food etc
iron rich food

PUREE, LUMPS, FINGER FOOD, INDEPENDENCE

Question 14

DEFINE NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENTS

Answer 14

identifies those at risk or who are malnourished
Adequacy of specific nutrients and energy

ABC+D

Question 15

DISCUSS BIOCHEMICAL MEASURES

Answer 15

laboratory assessments
chemistry panels, micronutrient testing, metabolic panels etc

BSL, sodium, urea, cholesterol, total lymphocyte counts

Question 16

BREAST MILK BENEFITS

Answer 16

mother: reduced risk of cancer, PPD and other conditions. assist shrinking uterus
baby: tailored to support optimal growth. reduce risk of illness and later disease

Question 17

DISCUSS ANTHROPOMETRIC METHODS

Answer 17

measuring patient
growth charts for children
BMI, waist circumference
mid arm circumference, skin fold thickness, head/chest ratio etc

Question 18

CHALLENGES FOR TEENS - FOOD

Answer 18

caffeine, alcohol, takeaway - long term side affects
important to look at nutrition panels