Path: Pulmonary Infection Flashcards
What are the two patterns of consolidation and infection with bacterial pneumonia?
- Lobar
2. Lobular
What are the 4 stages of the inflammatory response with lobar pneumonia?
- Congestion
- Red Hepatization
- Gray Hepatization
- Resolution
Most common cause of community acquired pneumonia (CAP).
Strep pneumo
Most common cause of acute exacerbation of COPD.
H. flu
Second most common cause of acute exacerbation of COPD.
Moraxella catarrhalis
Common cause of bacterial pneumonia in IV drug users.
Staph aureus
Most common cause of pneumonia in alcoholics.
Klebsiella
Most common cause of pneumonia in Cystic Fibrosis patients
Pseudomonas a.
Most common cause of atypical pneumonia in college-age students and a test to confirm the Dx.
Mycoplasma p.
-Cold Aglutinin test
Cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome.
SARS
-Coronavirus
Major causes of Hospital Acquired Pneumonia (HAP).
Gram (-) rods
Staph aureus
Who normally develops aspiration pneumonia?
Very debilitated patients
-ex. stroke patients
How can you differentiate a lung abscess from a tumor on CT or CXR?
Abscesses will have an air-fluid level
Type of pneumonia where most lung abscesses form.
Aspiration Pneumonia
-caused by gram (-) rods and S. aureus
Only way to get rid of a lung abscess.
Surgery
What type of pneumonia is found in immunocompetent patients?
Chronic Pneumonia
Most common causes of chronic pneumonia and type of inflammation that occurs.
Bacteria and Fungi
-granulomatous inflammation
Microbe that causes pneumonia found in bird or bat feces.
Histoplasma capsulatum
Where does Histoplasma reside within the body?
Intracelluar
-inside host macrophages
How do Histoplasma granulomas appear on microscopy?
Concentric Calcifications
“Tree Bark” appearance
Broad-based-budding yeast.
Also something about boobs?
Blastomyces dermatitidis
How do Blastomyces granulomas appear on microscopy.
Caseating granulomas
-just like TB
Spherules on microscopy.
Coccidiodes immitis
-they will be located inside macrophages or giant cells
Most common cause of pneumonia in IC patients when T cell counts are below 50cells/uL
CMV
MAC (Mycobacterium avium complex)
Most common cause of pneumonia in IC patients when T cell counts are below 200cells/uL
Pneumocystis jiroveci
