Path: Pulmonary Infection

Question 1

What are the two patterns of consolidation and infection with bacterial pneumonia?

Answer 1

1. Lobar

2. Lobular

Question 2

What are the 4 stages of the inflammatory response with lobar pneumonia?

Answer 2

1. Congestion
2. Red Hepatization
3. Gray Hepatization
4. Resolution

Question 3

Most common cause of community acquired pneumonia (CAP).

Answer 3

Strep pneumo

Question 4

Most common cause of acute exacerbation of COPD.

Answer 4

H. flu

Question 5

Second most common cause of acute exacerbation of COPD.

Answer 5

Moraxella catarrhalis

Question 6

Common cause of bacterial pneumonia in IV drug users.

Answer 6

Staph aureus

Question 7

Most common cause of pneumonia in alcoholics.

Answer 7

Klebsiella

Question 8

Most common cause of pneumonia in Cystic Fibrosis patients

Answer 8

Pseudomonas a.

Question 9

Most common cause of atypical pneumonia in college-age students and a test to confirm the Dx.

Answer 9

Mycoplasma p.

-Cold Aglutinin test

Question 10

Cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome.

Answer 10

SARS

-Coronavirus

Question 11

Major causes of Hospital Acquired Pneumonia (HAP).

Answer 11

Gram (-) rods

Staph aureus

Question 12

Who normally develops aspiration pneumonia?

Answer 12

Very debilitated patients

-ex. stroke patients

Question 13

How can you differentiate a lung abscess from a tumor on CT or CXR?

Answer 13

Abscesses will have an air-fluid level

Question 14

Type of pneumonia where most lung abscesses form.

Answer 14

Aspiration Pneumonia

-caused by gram (-) rods and S. aureus

Question 15

Only way to get rid of a lung abscess.

Answer 15

Surgery

Question 16

What type of pneumonia is found in immunocompetent patients?

Answer 16

Chronic Pneumonia

Question 17

Most common causes of chronic pneumonia and type of inflammation that occurs.

Answer 17

Bacteria and Fungi

-granulomatous inflammation

Question 18

Microbe that causes pneumonia found in bird or bat feces.

Answer 18

Histoplasma capsulatum

Question 19

Where does Histoplasma reside within the body?

Answer 19

Intracelluar

-inside host macrophages

Question 20

How do Histoplasma granulomas appear on microscopy?

Answer 20

Concentric Calcifications

“Tree Bark” appearance

Question 21

Broad-based-budding yeast.

Also something about boobs?

Answer 21

Blastomyces dermatitidis

Question 22

How do Blastomyces granulomas appear on microscopy.

Answer 22

Caseating granulomas

-just like TB

Question 23

Spherules on microscopy.

Answer 23

Coccidiodes immitis

-they will be located inside macrophages or giant cells

Question 24

Most common cause of pneumonia in IC patients when T cell counts are below 50cells/uL

Answer 24

CMV

MAC (Mycobacterium avium complex)

Question 25

Most common cause of pneumonia in IC patients when T cell counts are below 200cells/uL

Answer 25

Pneumocystis jiroveci