Path Pulm Flashcards
Foamy Alveolar exudate = what kind of pneumonia
pneumocystis!!!!
What is the most common cause of community acquired pneumonia and what is the most common distribution?
Strep Pneumo, lobar distribution
Staph aureus as a cause of pneumonia generally follows?
Viral infection.
Staph can cause abscesses
Klebsiella pneumoniae generally infects?
alcoholics.
MOST COMMON Gram Negative Pneumoniae.
THICK GELATINOUS SPUTUM
Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
cystic fibrosis, burn victims, pts with neutropenia
Atypical pneumonias are described how?
Respiratory distress out of proportion to the clinical and radiologic signs, inflammation confined to the alveolar septa
Dx of strep pneumo?
Gram stain sputum and look for gram pos lancet shaped diplococci. This can give false negatives though so it is even better to isolate cultures from blood
What is the most common cause of acute exacerbation of COPD
H. Influenzae
Most common cause of atypical pneumoniae
mycoplasma
Drunk driving level
80 mg/dl
Drowsiness
200 mg/dl
Stupor
300 mg/dl
Lancet-shaped, gram pos, diplococci
strep pneumo
Influenza is an acute respiratory illness with the influenza virus that occurs in outbreaks mainly during the winter
Spread by aerosol…..can be followed by strep pneumo or staph aureus pneumonia
incubation period for flu? (average)
2 days
Flu characteristics
FEVER, HEADACHE, MYALGIA, MALAISE
and resp symptoms
Flu pathology
- tracheobronchitis with lymphocytic infiltrate
-MAY GET SQUAMOUS METAPLASIA IN THE REPAIR PHASE….can happen with any repair process in the lungs
-
Why do pts with the flu get bacterial infections?
Influenze destroys the resp epithelium and with it, the mucocilliary ladder, which leads to the inability of the lungs to clear bacteria
Eosinophilic refers to the staining of a tissue after being stained with eosin
Eosin is acidic, therefore the tissue is basic.
Bright pink, mostly protein
What are the two broad categories of fungi
Yeast and molds (molds grow in hyphae)
CMV infected macrophages
Basophillic nuclear inclusions with halos surrounded by granular basophilic cytoplasmic inclusions
Fungal ball
Microscopy shows fungal hyphae with acute angle branching
Acute = aspergillous
3 distinct forms of aspergillosis
colonizing- a fungus ball that grows and fills a cavity
allergic
invasive- seen in immunocompromised pts and will disseminate to brain
