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Wrap-Up Block > OTC Drugs > Flashcards

OTC Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Both Prescription and OTC drugs are regulated by the FDA

A

ok

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2
Q

The FDA has a Non-Prescription Drug Advisory Committee that makes the decision to grant over- the counter status

A

ok

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3
Q

What has to be on the label for OTC drugs?

A
  • Product Name
  • Active Ingredients
  • Purpose
  • Uses
  • Warnings
  • Directions
  • Other Info
  • Inactive Ingredients
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4
Q

Acetaminophen side effects

A

Liver toxicity

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5
Q

Acetaminphen interactions

A

Azoles, Macrolides, Warfarin, CYP inducers, These drugs cause hepatotoxicity on their own

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6
Q

Recall the fundamental difference between 1st gen antihistamines and 2nd gen

A

1st- cross the BBB, produce sedation and potential anticholinergic effects.

2nd Generation antihistamines- Act only in the periphery

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7
Q

Dextromethorphan can be toxic even in recommended doses to pts who are deficient in

A

CYP 2-D 6

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8
Q

Acid reducers should be used for less than 2 weeks and not in children under 12 yp

A

ok

And omeprazole (prilosec) shouldn’t be used in ppl under18

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9
Q

Which of the 1st gen antihistamines is the most sedating

A

diphenhydramine (benadryl)

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10
Q

Oxymetazoline can only be used for 3 days—-Afrin—–because of the risk of rebound congestion. You can use xylometazoline (the long acting form) instead

A

ok

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11
Q

Acetaminophen can give rise to hepatic toxicity when consumed in high concentration, this toxicity may be exacerbated bythe concurrent consumption of drugs that induce CYP

A

ok

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12
Q

NSAIDS like advil can interact with

A

Warfarin by way of their affect on prostaglandins and to diminish the activity of anti-hypertensive drugs with have an affect on prostaglandins.

May also worsen gout

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13
Q

What is Bisacodyl

A

An OTC constipation medicine that can cause electrolyte imbalance

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14
Q

What is Magnesium Hydroxide

A

An OTC constipation medicine that may not only cause electrolyte imbalance but may chelate concurrent drugs and alter bioavailability by neutralizing pH.

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15
Q

Bismuth Salicylate (pepto)

A

OTC diarrhea medication.

Things to watch out for: Anticoagulation (salicylates inhibit prostaglandins)

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16
Q

Loperamide (immodium)

A

OTC anti-diarrheal drug that leads to electrolyte imbalance, fluid loss, etc…

17
Q

Know that caffeine is found in analgesics, menstrual products, and stimulants

A

ok

18
Q

Cimetidine and Nazatidine are

A

Acid reducers

19
Q

Cimetidine and Nazatidine dosing

A

Use for no more than 2 weeks and not in kids under 12.

20
Q

Omeprazole. What is it and whats important about its dosing

A

Acid reducer (prilosec)…should only be used for up to 2 weeks and in no one under the age of 18

21
Q

What is the big “non-sedating” anti-histamine

A

Zyrtec (cetirizine)

22
Q

Chlorpheniramine?

A

Sedating antihistamine (chlor-trimeton)

23
Q

Diphenhydramine?

A

Sedating antihistamine (1st gen) known as benadryl

MAY CAUSE ANTICHOLINERGIC EFFECTS!!!! Remember those?

  • Anti-sludgeBBB
  • Insomnia
  • Hallucinations and Cognitive dysfunction
  • CV issues
24
Q

Guaifenesin

A

mucolytic

25
Q

Psuedoephedrine

A

Alpha Adrenergic agonist which means that it reduces vasodilation

26
Q

What types of drugs cause rebound congestion or rhinitis medicamentosa

A

Topica nasal decongestants like Afrin

27
Q

What is dextromethorphan

A

A non-narcotic antitussive that works in the cough center of the medulla oblongata. Usually produces no sedative or addictve effects?

28
Q

What group of ppl can experience toxicity via dextromethorphan at even normal doses?

A

Populations deficient in CYP 2D6…..white europeans

Dry mouth, Tachycardia, inability to concentrate

29
Q

In supra-pharmacologic doses, dextromethorphan can become addictive. In order to discourage addiction, what is it often co-formulated with?

A

Guaifenisin….will produce nausea, vomitting, and diarrhea if taken in high doses.

30
Q

Cough and cold products labeled only for those over what age

A

6

31
Q

Common OTC agents affecting BP

A

Ephedrine, Epinephrine, Ibuprofen, Phenylephrine, Pseudoephedrine, Theophyline

EEIPPT

32
Q

In the 12-17 age range, what sex is more likely to get high using cough syrup?

A

Females

Males after that (18-25)

33
Q

Doxylamine, Diphenhydramine, and Chlorpheniramine….Abuse

A

Yeah, these are all first generation anti-histamines so they are sometimes used to produce hallucinations and euphoria in high concentrations.

34
Q

3 methods of stomach acid modification

A
  • neutralize stomach acid content with an antacid
  • block histamine H2 receptor stimulation of all acid secretion
  • Block the final effect of acid secretion the proton pump
35
Q

DOC for pain relief in kids

A

acetaminophen because of the concerns over aspirin and reye’s syndrome

36
Q

Senna

A

Laxative

37
Q

Orlistat

A

wt loss drug

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