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Path III Quizzes > Path III Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Path III Quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the shape of the heart in dilated cardiomyopathy? What champers are affected?

A

Enlargement of all 4 chambers

  • thin floppy walls don’t contract well
  • hypocontract
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2
Q

What is the most common cause of non-ischemic dilated cariomyopathy?

A

alcoholism

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3
Q

What does the heart look like in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

A
  • Left ventricle wall thickens
  • septum thickens
  • hypercontracts
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4
Q

What is the cause of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

A

Genetic

- mutation of one of several genes that code for proteins within sarcomere

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5
Q

What cariomyopathy is most common in young boys?

A

hypertrophic

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6
Q

Is hypertrophic caused by HTN?

A

No

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7
Q

What does heart look like in restrictive cariomyopathy?

A

Looks normal, but can’t contract properly

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8
Q

What is most common cause of restrictive m?

A

amyloidosis and hemochromatosis

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9
Q

You see pale, pink, amorphous material between myocardial fibers. What is this indicative of?

A

Restrictive cardiomyopathy due to amyloidosis

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10
Q

What valves are affected by endocarditis?

A

Left side valves (M + A)

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11
Q

What is the exception to left heart valves being affected in endocarditis?

A

IV drug users have right sided valves effected

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12
Q

What is most common bacteria in community acquired IE

A

Staph aureus (non-MRSA)

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13
Q

What is most common bacteria in nosocomial IE

A

Staph aureus (MRSA)

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14
Q

What is the second most common bacterial cause of IE in both nosocomial and community aquired?

A

Alpha hemolytic strep viridans

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15
Q

bacteria causing IE in prosthetic valves?

A

St epidermitis

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16
Q

bacteria causing subacute IE?

A

S. Viridans

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17
Q

bacteria causing acute IE?

A

Staph

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18
Q

What causes vegetations

A

colonization of microbes

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19
Q

What are risk factors for IE?

A
  • poor dental health
  • GU infections
  • skin infections
  • pulmonary infections
  • IV drug use
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20
Q

Risk factors for endocarditis?

A
  • artificial valves
  • immunocompromised
  • IV drug abusers
  • alcoholics
  • catheters
  • vascular grafts
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21
Q

bacteria causing alcoholics to get IE?

A

anaerobes and oral cavity bugs

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22
Q

bacteria causing pt with catheter to get IE?

A

E. Coli.

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23
Q

bacteria causing IV drug users to get IE?

A

Staph aureus

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24
Q

What causes Libman-Sacks Endocarditis?

A

SLE (SLE causes LSE)

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25
Q

If you see strep bovis what would you be worried that the pt has?

A

carcinoma of the colon

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26
Q

The causative organism is not found on blood cultures in what % of cases of pt with IE?

A

5-20%

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27
Q

What type of endocarditis is caused by SLE and other autoimmune disease. It may also not have any symptoms.

A

Libman-Sacks Endocarditis

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28
Q

Marantic Endocarditis

A

Hypercoagulative state

- can be cancerous state

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29
Q

What type of cancers are common with mar antic endocarditis?

A

Lung or pancreatic

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30
Q

What is another term for an underlying hypercoagulative state in Marantic endocarditis?

A

Trousseau’s syndrome

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31
Q

What is number one cause of myocarditis?

A

Coxsackie virus

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32
Q

If viral cause, what do you see in the tissue of myocarditis?

A

lymphocytes

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33
Q

What are the 3 most common types of valvular disorder in order?

A
  1. aortic stenosis
  2. MVP
  3. Mitral Regurgitation
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34
Q

Which side is more likely to stenos?

A

Left

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35
Q

What is one pan systolic pan diastolic murmur?

A

patent ductus arteriosus

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36
Q

Who is more at risk for MVP

A

Young women 20-40

37
Q

What is a risk factors for aortic stenosis?

A
  • bicuspid valve

- calcification from age

38
Q

What is happening to valves in MVP?

A

One or both leaflets are floppy and prolapse back into left atrium during systole. Click sound.

39
Q

What are some complications of MVP?

A
  • IE
  • Mitral insufficiency
  • Stroke
  • arrhythmias
40
Q

What bacteria causes Rheumatic fever

A

Group A Beta hemolytic strep

41
Q

What causes rheumatic fever?

A

autoimmune response due to anti strep M protein antibodies cross-reacting with cardiac myosin

42
Q

What is pathognomic for thematic heart disease?

A

Aschoff bodies

-nodules found in heart

43
Q

What is most important sequelae of rheumatic fever?

A

mitral stenosis with fish mouth

44
Q

What is a skin rash associated with rheumatic heart disease?

A

Erythema marginatum

45
Q

What are major non-cardiac diagnostic criteria for diagnosis of Rheumatic fever?

A 
carditis
polyarthritis
chorea
erythema marginatum
subcutaneous nodules
46
Q

What is the most common cause of paricarditis?

A

idiopathic

47
Q

What is Dresslers Syndrome?

A

Autoimmune condition that shows up weeks to months after MI

48
Q

What is Post MI Pericarditis?

A

Inflammatory reaction occurs 1-2 days after MI

49
Q

What are the 5 categories of pericarditis?

A 
Serous
Fibrinous
Hemorrhagic
Purulent
Caseous
50
Q

Serous Pericarditis

A

non-infectious
autoimmune
uremia

51
Q

Fibrinous Pericarditis

A 
Bread and Butter
Post MI and Dresslers Syndrome
Post cardiac surgery
Autoimmune
uremia
52
Q

Hemorrhagic pericarditis

A 
TB
Tumor
Bacterial Infection
Bleeding disorders
Trauma
53
Q

Purulent Pericarditis

A

exudative fluid
infectious
resolution = scarring and potential constrictive pericarditis

54
Q

What would you see on a CXR of someone with pericarditis due to TB?

A

calcified area within pericardium

55
Q

What is most common tumor of the heart?

A

Atrial Myxoma

56
Q

What is the histology of dilated cardiomyopathy?

A

non-specific cellular abnormalities including variation in myocyte size, myocyte vaculolization, fibrosis

57
Q

What is the histology of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

A

Hypertrophy of myocardial fibers, prominent dark nuclei, interstitial fibrosis

58
Q

What is the histology of restrictive cardiomyopathy?

A

excessive iron deposits for hemachromatosis

deposits of pale pink material between myocardial fibers for amyloidosis

59
Q

What are two types of culture negative endocarditis?

A

Libman-Sacks endocarditis

Marantic endocarditis

60
Q

What do vegetations of Libman-Sacks endocarditis look like?

A

flat, spreading vegetations

61
Q

What do vegetations of Marantic endocarditis look like?

A

small, pink vegetations

62
Q

What is the histology of dilated cardiomyopathy?

A

non-specific cellular abnormalities including variation in myocyte size, myocyte vaculolization, fibrosis

63
Q

What is the histology of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

A

Hypertrophy of myocardial fibers, prominent dark nuclei, interstitial fibrosis

64
Q

What is the histology of restrictive cardiomyopathy?

A

excessive iron deposits for hemachromatosis

deposits of pale pink material between myocardial fibers for amyloidosis

65
Q

What are two types of culture negative endocarditis?

A

Libman-Sacks endocarditis

Marantic endocarditis

66
Q

What do vegetations of Libman-Sacks endocarditis look like?

A

flat, spreading vegetations

67
Q

What do vegetations of Marantic endocarditis look like?

A

small, pink vegetations

68
Q

Atrial Myxoma

A

benign
left atrium
amorphous hypocellular mass

69
Q

What is the most common cancer that metastases to the heart?

A

Melanoma

70
Q

What does melanoma look like in the heart?

A

Brown black pigment

71
Q

What is most common cancer that moves through blood or lymph to get to heart?

A

lung

72
Q

what is most common benign tumor in children?

A

rhabdomyoma

73
Q

What percentage of untreated pharyngeal strep lead to RF?

A

.3 to 3%

74
Q

How many pt with acute RF develop some type of cardiac pathology?

A

1/3 of pt

75
Q

What causes cardiomyopathy?

A

ischemic heart disease, hypertension, and valvular heart disease.

76
Q

What is the most identified specific cause of dilated cardiomyopathy?

A

Ischemic Cardiomyopathy

77
Q

What types of symptoms are seen in subacute endocarditis?

A

Petechiae
splinter hemorrhages
roth spots

78
Q

What is the cause of endocarditis in native heart valves?

A

Strep viridans

79
Q

What is a paraneoplastic syndrome associated with malignancies?

A

Marantic endocarditis or Trouseau’s syndrome

80
Q

Asside from coxackie virus, what else causes myocarditis?

A

infection of the heart
autoimmune (RHD SLE RA)
drugs
transplant rejection

81
Q

What could cause aortic stenosis?

A

IE or other infection

82
Q

What could cause mitral stenosis?

A

RHD

83
Q

What percentage of valvular diseases are found in aortic and pulmonic valves?

A

2/3

84
Q

What is another word for MVP?

A

Myxomatous degeneration (accumulation of derma tan sulfate) a glycosaminoglycan.

85
Q

What do fully developed aschoff bodies consist of?

A

Granulomatous structures consisting of fibrinous material, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages surrounding necrotic center.

86
Q

What valve/disease is most affected/caused by RHD?

A

Mitral valve with mitral stenosis (fish mouth)

aortic is second most affected

87
Q

What is the second most common complication of RHD?

A

Carditis

dx: new murmur and tachycardia out of proportion to fever.

88
Q

What are new or changing murmurs consistent with?

A

rheumatic valvular disease

89
Q

What is the most common malignant heart tumor?

A

angiosarcoma

Path III Quizzes (10 decks)

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