Path:Gestational and Placental Disorders Flashcards
What are cotyledons?
Sections of the decidua basalis of the placenta that contain the ends of endometrial vessels along with a few chorionic villi.
What is funisitis?
Inflammation of the Wharton’s Jelly (connective tissue) of the umbilical cord, which may cause abortion. It is typically preceded by vasculitis of the umbilical vessels and may be the result of chorioamnionitis.
Main fetal cause of spontaneous abortion.
Chromosomal anomaly
-aneuploidy, polyploidy, translocation
Main 3 infectious agents that can cause spontaneous abortion.
- Toxoplasma
- Mycoplasma
- Listeria
Most important predisposing condition for ectopic pregnancy.
PID that causes fallopian tube scarring.
What is fetus papyraceus?
Same mechanism as a resorbed twin however the dead fetus will be compressed by its growing twin rather than being completely resorbed. A flattened mass of tissue then needs to be delivered or removed by D&C.
Describe the 3 types of abnormal placenta attachement.
- Accreta: attachment to myometrium
- Increta: invasion into myometrium
- Percreta: invasion beyond the myometrium.
2 modes of gestational infection.
- Ascending thru the birth canal
2. Hematogenous spread (transplacental)
What are the main gestational infections?
TORCH Toxoplasmosis Others: syphilis, TB, listeriosis Rubella CMV Herpes
What are the components of preeclampsia?
HTN and proteinuria during pregnancy.
-often accompanied by edema
What causes the proteinuria in preeclampsia?
Acute inflammation in the renal vessels leads to increased vascular permeability.
What harm can preeclampsia cause the fetus?
The HTN often leads to maternal hypercoagulability and thrombi can form in placental vessels.
Etiology of a complete mole.
“empty” oocyte fertilized by haploid sperm
-46XX karyotype
Etiology of a partial mole.
normal oocyte fertilized by two sperm (most common)
-69XXY karyotype
Which mole, complete or partial, increases risk of choriocarcinoma?
Complete
Danger of an invasive mole.
Can embolize to distant sites like the brain and lungs
Treatment for invasive moles.
Responds to chemotherapy
What is the basic definition of choriocarcinoma?
Malignant neoplasm of trophoblastic cells
What is unique about the microscopic examination of the trophoblastic tissue in choriocarcinoma?
Does NOT form chorionic villi into the decidua
What is a Placental-Site Trophoblastic Tumor (PSTT)?
Neoplastic proliferation of extravillous trophoblast tissue.
How is a PSTT different from choriocarcinoma on microscopic examination?
PSTT forms chorionic villi
