path efa Flashcards
What does nutmeg liver show?
Heart failure
What is the cause of liver flap and confusion in someone with long standing alcoholism?
Hyperammonaemia
What is raised in obstructive jaundice?
ALP !!!!!!!!!!!
Spherocytes are seen in
DAT positive autoimmune haemolytic anaemia
DAT positive acquired haemolytic anaemia may be seen in associated with?
CLL
GVHD anaemia
pancytopenia
Obstructive jaundice caused by pigment gallstones in a chronic haemolytic anaemia m- what would be rised?
Hep E
Hepatic juandice therefore raised transaminases and bilirubin
Pernicious anaemia - how raised would the MCV be?
120
MAHA is acquired or inherited?
Acquired
Folate deficiency
Spherocytes are seen in which two
Hereditary spherocytosis
Gene defect in ancorin or spectrin
Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia due spleen knock off
What does the DAT do?
You examine whether there are any immunoglobulins bound to it
Is there any such thing as DAT positive hereditary spherocytosis?
No because
Symptomatic autoimmune haemolytic anaemia - what’s the first line treatment?
Prednisolone because it’s autoimmune
Who is prone to acquired haemolytic anaemia?
Anyone with problematic blood system e.g. CLL
or SLE or rheumatoid
Why do you not get acquired haemolytic anaemia with AML/CML?
remember immune system stuff - lymphob
Neck nodes - differentials
Acute EBV
Follicular non Hodgkin lymphoma
Acute HIV infection
TB
Widened mediastinum/mediastinal mass - what’s the worry?
Could compress the oesophagus/superior vena cava
Widened mediastinum/mediastinal mass - differentials
Teratoma (mets)
Thymoma
Terrible lymphomas:
Hodgkin lymphoma
B-cell NH lymphoma
What’s the staging for classical hodgkin lympoma? What cells are there?
Reed sternberg cells
Ann Arbor staging
B symptoms
Weight loss
Night sweats
Fever
How do you treat someone with Hodgkin’s lymphoma which is limited? what’s the cure rate?
Chemo - can cure more than 80% of patients
How aggressive is Hodgkin’s?
AGGRESSIVE
Do you give radiotherapy for Hodgkin’s?
Most of the time n
Does Hodgkin’s chemo affect fertility?
No it doesn’t
If WBC count is high and HB and platelets are normal, what would it be?
Leukemia
IF a pt has high wbc count, normal hb and platelets, splenomegaly, and generalised lymphadenopathy, what are we thinking?
CLL
Clinical picture for myeloid
hepatosplenomegaly for extramedullary haemoatopoeisis, does not involve the lymph nodes
Where do we find hodgkins?
Hodgkins - rarely invovles blood
CLL vs CML
CLL - lymphadenopathy only
CML - no lymphadenopathy, but there is EMhaematopoesis
