Path - Bone Tumors

Question 1

decreased expression of EXT1 or EXT2 is associated with what tumor

Answer 1

sporadic osteochondromas

Question 2

what is multiple hereditary exostosis

Answer 2

an autosomal dominant dz characterized by many osteochondromas

Question 3

a tumor found within the medullary cavity probably indicates ____

Answer 3

enchondroma

Question 4

what is ollier syndrome

Answer 4

having multiple enchondromas

Question 5

what is maffucci syndrome

Answer 5

multiple enchondromas + angiomas

Question 6

pts with maffucci syndrome are at increased risk for what

Answer 6

chondrosarcomas and other malignancies

Question 7

IDH1 and IDH2 are associated with what bone tumors

Answer 7

chondroma/enchondroma

chondrosarcoma

Question 8

compare chondroma and enchondroma

Answer 8

the tumors are called enchondromas when they occur in the medullary canal of the bone

they’re called periosteal or juxtacortical chondromas when they occur on the surface of the bone

Question 9

chrondrosarcomas most often metastasize to ___

via what route?

Answer 9

the lungs

hematogenously

Question 10

describe the correlation between grade and behavior in chondrosarcomas

Answer 10

direct correlation between grade and behavior

grade 1: 80-90% 5 yr survival

grade 3: 43% survival

Question 11

gardner syndrome (related to familial adenomatous polyposis) is associated with what bone tumors

Answer 11

osteomas

Question 12

clinical presentation of osteoid osteoma

Answer 12

painful, worse at night, classically responds to aspirin and NSAIDs

Question 13

what causes osteoid osteomas

Answer 13

excessive prostaglandin E2 production by osteoblasts

Question 14

demographic for osteoid osteomas

Answer 14

young men, teens and 20s

Question 15

what is the most common primary malignant tumor of bone

Answer 15

osteosarcoma

Question 16

what part of a pt’s history might be indicative of the cause of osteosarcoma

Answer 16

previous radiation

Question 17

germline mutation in RB greatly increases risk for what bone tumor

Answer 17

osteosarcoma

Question 18

codman’s triangle on x-ray is indicative of what bone tumor

Answer 18

osteosarcoma

Question 19

mixed lytic an blastic mass on x-ray indicates what bone tumor

Answer 19

osteosarcoma

Question 20

osteosarcoma spreads early to the _____

Answer 20

lung

Question 21

where are ewing sarcoma family tumors derived from

Answer 21

neuroectoderm

primitive neuroectodermal tumor - PNET

Question 22

onion-skin findings on x-ray indicate what tumor

Answer 22

ewing sarcoma

Question 23

t(11;22)(q24:q12) fusion gene is associated with what tumor

Answer 23

ewing sarcoma

Question 24

compare monostotic and polyostotic fibrous dysplasia

Answer 24

monostotic: asymptomatic
polyostotic: crippling deformities

Question 25

ground glass appearance on x-ray indicates what dz process

Answer 25

fibrous dysplasia

Question 26

what is fibrous dysplasia

Answer 26

benign proliferation of fibrous tissue and bone that does not mature

Question 27

gain of function of GNAS-1 is associated with what dz process

Answer 27

fibrous dysplasia

Question 28

demographic for giant cell tumor of bone

Answer 28

20-40 y/o

Question 29

soap bubble appearance on x-ray indicates what tumor

Answer 29

giant cell tumor of bone

Question 30

what are the Ca2+, phosphate, and alk phos levels in osteoporosis?

Answer 30

Ca2+: normal
phosphate: normal
alk phos: normal

Question 31

what are the Ca2+, phosphate, and alk phos levels in osteomalacia?

Answer 31

Ca2+: decreased
phosphate: decreased
alk phos: increased

Question 32

what are the Ca2+, phosphate, and alk phos levels in paget’s dz?

Answer 32

Ca2+: normal
phosphate: normal
alk phos: very increased

Question 33

what are the Ca2+, phosphate, and alk phos levels in primary hyperparathyroidism?

Answer 33

Ca2+: increased
phosphate: decreased/normal
alk phos: normal/increased

Question 34

what are the Ca2+, phosphate, and alk phos levels in hypoparathyroidism?

Answer 34

Ca2+: decreased
phosphate: increased
alk phos: normal

Question 35

the small bones of the hands and feet get mets most often from what cancers?

Answer 35

lung, kidney, colon