Path - Bone Tumors Flashcards
decreased expression of EXT1 or EXT2 is associated with what tumor
sporadic osteochondromas
what is multiple hereditary exostosis
an autosomal dominant dz characterized by many osteochondromas
a tumor found within the medullary cavity probably indicates ____
enchondroma
what is ollier syndrome
having multiple enchondromas
what is maffucci syndrome
multiple enchondromas + angiomas
pts with maffucci syndrome are at increased risk for what
chondrosarcomas and other malignancies
IDH1 and IDH2 are associated with what bone tumors
chondroma/enchondroma
chondrosarcoma
compare chondroma and enchondroma
the tumors are called enchondromas when they occur in the medullary canal of the bone
they’re called periosteal or juxtacortical chondromas when they occur on the surface of the bone
chrondrosarcomas most often metastasize to ___
via what route?
the lungs
hematogenously
describe the correlation between grade and behavior in chondrosarcomas
direct correlation between grade and behavior
grade 1: 80-90% 5 yr survival
grade 3: 43% survival
gardner syndrome (related to familial adenomatous polyposis) is associated with what bone tumors
osteomas
clinical presentation of osteoid osteoma
painful, worse at night, classically responds to aspirin and NSAIDs
what causes osteoid osteomas
excessive prostaglandin E2 production by osteoblasts
demographic for osteoid osteomas
young men, teens and 20s
what is the most common primary malignant tumor of bone
osteosarcoma
what part of a pt’s history might be indicative of the cause of osteosarcoma
previous radiation
germline mutation in RB greatly increases risk for what bone tumor
osteosarcoma
codman’s triangle on x-ray is indicative of what bone tumor
osteosarcoma
mixed lytic an blastic mass on x-ray indicates what bone tumor
osteosarcoma
osteosarcoma spreads early to the _____
lung
where are ewing sarcoma family tumors derived from
neuroectoderm
primitive neuroectodermal tumor - PNET
onion-skin findings on x-ray indicate what tumor
ewing sarcoma
t(11;22)(q24:q12) fusion gene is associated with what tumor
ewing sarcoma
compare monostotic and polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
monostotic: asymptomatic
polyostotic: crippling deformities
ground glass appearance on x-ray indicates what dz process
fibrous dysplasia
what is fibrous dysplasia
benign proliferation of fibrous tissue and bone that does not mature
gain of function of GNAS-1 is associated with what dz process
fibrous dysplasia
demographic for giant cell tumor of bone
20-40 y/o
soap bubble appearance on x-ray indicates what tumor
giant cell tumor of bone
what are the Ca2+, phosphate, and alk phos levels in osteoporosis?
Ca2+: normal
phosphate: normal
alk phos: normal
what are the Ca2+, phosphate, and alk phos levels in osteomalacia?
Ca2+: decreased
phosphate: decreased
alk phos: increased
what are the Ca2+, phosphate, and alk phos levels in paget’s dz?
Ca2+: normal
phosphate: normal
alk phos: very increased
what are the Ca2+, phosphate, and alk phos levels in primary hyperparathyroidism?
Ca2+: increased
phosphate: decreased/normal
alk phos: normal/increased
what are the Ca2+, phosphate, and alk phos levels in hypoparathyroidism?
Ca2+: decreased
phosphate: increased
alk phos: normal
the small bones of the hands and feet get mets most often from what cancers?
lung, kidney, colon
