Path BB questions Flashcards
Differentiation of this is regulated via the RANK gene product.
Osteoclast
This type of bone is 80-90% calcified and its function is mainly mechanical and protective.
Cortical
This type of bone is immature and usually pathological.
Woven
bone cancer in 10-20 year olds
Ewing Sarcoma
Bone tumour painless and slow growing, related to previous fracture
Osteochondroma
70 year old man presents to his GP with a four day history of haemoptysis. He has noticed he has been loosing weight over the last 4 months and has felt tired and unwell. On examination he has bilateral ptosis and proximal weakness in the limbs which improves on repeated testing
Small cell carcinoma - Causes myasthenia gravis syndrome
Non small cell causes horners (Most commonly adeno)
A 35 year old woman presents with weight loss and tiredness. Her GP examines her and finds that she also has a fine tremor and is sweaty. Investigations: TSH <0.01, Free T4 36.0. There is low uptake on a technetium scan. The aetiology could be viral or autoimmune.
Subacute thyroiditis - Could be viral or Autoimmune. Mixed Hyper/hypo picture
Neoplasms found in young women as ovarian masses, usually unilateral and most often on the right. They are usually filled with sebaceous secretion and matted hair and may have a nodular projection from which teeth protrude.
Mature - Immature more common in older women and don’t have hair and teeth
Squamous epithelium mixed with intestinal epithelium
Mature Cystic - Krukenburg has sigent cells
Fibrous tissue containing spindle cells and lipid
Thecoma - contians lipids
Very aggressive tumour producing HCG and AFP; neoplastic cells are anaplastic.
Embryonal carcinoma
Commonest malignant cause of testicular mass in those aged under 5.
ALL
Commonest malignant cause of testicular mass in those aged 60
Diffuse Large B cell lymphoma
A pap smear taken from a chronic granulomatous ulcer shows a necrotic centre, periarteritis and endarteritis obliterans and an intense peripheral cellular infiltrate consisting mainly of mononuclear cells and giant cells.
Treponema Pallidum - endarteritis obliterans points to it
The metaplasia that occurs in the transformation zone involves which cell-types?
Glandular to Squamous
FNA is 100%PPV or 10% false positive rate for cytopathalogical diagnosis?
100% PPV
A 45 year old woman with known gallstones presents to A & E with abdominal pain which radiates to her back. The pain is relieved by sitting forward. The pain has been constant for several hours and she has also vomited twice. Which enzyme is most likely to be raised?
Amylase - Due to the acute pancreatitis
A 10 year old boy is brought by his mother to your clinic. He is very thin, but has a distended abdomen. What is it that his diet does not contain to cause this?
Protein
An 85 year old smoker lady is brought to the GP by concerned relatives. She lives alone and has become increasingly withdrawn. On close questioning it appears that over the past few months she has been smoking more heavily and surviving on little more than tea and toast.
Vitamin C deficiency
Which deficiency in CF or pancreatitis?
Vitamin K
Testicular cancer raised AFP
Yolk sac tumour, or less commonly embryonal carcinomas
32 year old female presented with weight loss and anxiety. The thyroid gland was enlarged, firm, fleshy and pale, infiltrated by lymphocytes. Askanazy cells were noted.
Hashimotos - some present hyperthyroid and Asikanzy cells
Neurotoxic product(s) of heme breakdown producing neurovisceral damage in certain porphyrias
5-aminolevulinic acid
Extracts of or detoxified exotoxin product by a micro-organism.
Tetanus/Diptheria
Vaccine that is made using recombinant DNA technology.
Hepatitis B virus vaccine
A freeze dried live attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis
BCG
This form of immunity is induced by vaccination.
Active Immunity
This microbe affects the ileum, appendix and colon. Its peyer patch invasion leads to mesenteric lymph node enlargement with necrotising granulomas.
Yersinia
A 34 year old female returned from Indonesia two weeks ago. She complains of diarrhoea, abdominal pain, weight loss, nausea and vomiting for the past few days. She has no fever. Investigation reveals steatorrhoea and stools appear to contain numerous cysts.
Giardiasis - Steatorrhoea and Cysts (Inactive Giardia)
Following a barbeque, a 41 year old develops watery diarrhoea and vomiting. On retrospect, he wondered whether he should have had that dodgy looking shish kebab…
Salmonella - If crampy, think campylobacter
