Path-atheroscleoris & HTN CVD

Question 1

What is the usual response of vessels to injury?

Answer 1

Thickening of the tunica intima

-over time this can cause stenosis and occlusion

Question 2

Blood pressure is a function of ___

Answer 2

Cardiac output and PVR

Question 3

Secondary HTN causes:

Answer 3

Renal
Endocrine
Cardiovascular
Neurologic

Question 4

Hardening of the arteries is called ___

Answer 4

Arteriosclerosis

Question 5

Calcific deposits in muscular arteries in people over 50 that do not involve the lumen. Most insignificant form of arteriosclerosis.

Answer 5

Mönckebergs medial calcific sclerosis

Question 6

Arteriosclerosis due to endothelial cell injury, with leakage of plasma into arteriolar walls and increased smooth muscle cell matrix synthesis. Arteriolar wall is ___ with increased ___ and narrow lumen (stenosis)

Answer 6

Hyaline arteriosclerosis
Thickened
Plasma protein deposition

Question 7

“Onion skinning” causing lumenal obliteration. Occurs in severe (malignant) HTN. Laminations are composed of ____

Answer 7

Hyperplastic

Smooth muscle cells with reduplicated, thickened basement membranes

Question 8

Atherosclerosis is characterized by ____

Answer 8

Fatty and atheromatous the plaques within arterial lumina.

Question 9

___ is the most frequent and clinically important pattern of arteriosclerosis

Answer 9

Atherosclerosis

Question 10

Modifiable risk factors for atherosclerosis

Answer 10

Hyperlipidemia
HTN
smoking
DM

Question 11

Pulmonary hypertensive heart disease (cor pulmonale) is (left/right sided) and systemic hypertensive heart disease is (left/right sided).
Which is more common?

Answer 11

Right
Left
Left sided is more common

Question 12

Minimal criteria for systemic HTN

Answer 12

1. LV hypertrophy (usually concentric, so both the septum and the outer wall are thickened)
2. Hx or pathological evidence of HTN

Question 13

Morphology of systemic HTN

Answer 13

LV hypertrophy and stiffness
Cardiomegaly
Increase in diameter of myocytes

Question 14

Pulmonary HTN stems from ___ and is characterized by ___

Answer 14

1. RV pressure overload

2. RV hypertrophy, RV dilation, potential right HF secondary to pulm HTN

Question 15

Which type of pulmonary HTN is characterized by marked dilation of the RV without hypertrophy with ovoid shape?

Answer 15

Acute cor pulmonale

Question 16

Which type of pulmonary HTN is characterized by RV wall thickening, fat in the wall disappearing and myocytes aligning themselves circumferentially, and hypertrophied RV possibly compressing the LV or leading to regurgitation and thickening of tricuspid valve

Answer 16

Chronic cor pulmonale

Question 17

The most common cause of right sided HTN is ___

Answer 17

Left sided heart disease