Anatomy Flashcards
Sympathetic trunk comes from T what?
T1-T5
The ___ collects pain stimuli
Afferent sympathetics
The ___ gives off thoracic cardiac branches under the arch of the aorta
Left vagus n.
The main thoracic autonomic plexus is the ___. Other plexi include ____ and ___
Cardiac
Pulmonary
Esophageal
Thoracolumbar spinal nerves originate from ___
T1- L2/3
In the thoracic SNS, the efferent pathway consists of preganglionic neurons that exit the spinal cord through the following structures:
- Ventral horn
- Ventral rootlets
- Ventral roots
- Spinal nerves
- White communicating rami
As a unique feature in the thorax and particularly in the heart, sympathetic preganglionic n irons typically synapse ____
Prior to passing through the splanchnic nerves
Thoracic autonomic sympathetic afferents are different from the efferent in that they ___
Leave the sympathetic trunk through the grey communicating rami and go to their respective dorsal root ganglia
True or false:
An autonomically denervated heart can still beat
True
Transplant hearts
Parasympathetic ganglia are located where?
Either within the cardiac plexus or in the atrial walls
What can parasympathetic postganglionic neurons (coming from left vagal cardiac branches) do?
Decrease rate and contractility
Constrict coronary arteries
Sympathetic preganglionic neurons from the _____ segments synapse with postganglionic neurons in the ____ or ____
Upper 5 thoracic
Cervical ganglia
Upper thoracic ganglia
What can sympathetic postganglionic neurons do?
Increase rate and contractility
Parasympathetic afferents communicate what?
Cardiac reflex info
The most frequent cause of cardiac pain is ___
Myocardial ischemia
Heart pain is likely referred and felt in what dermatome regions?
T1-T4
Cardiac nerves carrying postganglionic fibers can either originate from ___ or ___
- T2-T4 symp ganglia
- Symp ganglia situated cranially (superior, middle, and inferior cervical) to T1
T2 dermatome related to a ___ which in turn communicates with the ____, pain often extends to the medial aspect of the upper arm
Cutaneous intercostobrachial n.
Medial cutaneous n. of the arm
In the event of myocardial ischemia in the inferior wall or diaphragmatic surface of the heart, the distribution of pain could do what?
Enter the trunk and dorsal roots in T7-T9 and be referred to those dermatomes in the epigastric region
The innervation of the trachea, bronchi, lungs, and visceral pleura receive contributions from what?
Vagus
Symp postganglionic fibers from T2-T4 on both sides
*but the bulk is parasympathetic
Parasympathetic input to the respiratory tree causes ___
Sympathetic does the opposite
Bronchoconstriction
Secretion from mucous glands
Parasympathetic preganglionic neurons that innervate esophageal smooth muscle synapse with postganglionic fibers in which plexi?
Where are they located?
Myenteric and Submucosal plexi of the enteric nervous system located in the esophageal wall
Visceral sensory innervation of the esophagus is carried by what?
Vagus n.
Sympathetic trunk
Splanchnic nerves
Esophageal pain is carried by ____ through ganglia ____ and ____ nerves
Sympathetic afferents
T1-T5
Cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves
