Anatomy

Question 1

Sympathetic trunk comes from T what?

Answer 1

T1-T5

Question 2

The ___ collects pain stimuli

Answer 2

Afferent sympathetics

Question 3

The ___ gives off thoracic cardiac branches under the arch of the aorta

Answer 3

Left vagus n.

Question 4

The main thoracic autonomic plexus is the ___. Other plexi include ____ and ___

Answer 4

Cardiac
Pulmonary
Esophageal

Question 5

Thoracolumbar spinal nerves originate from ___

Answer 5

T1- L2/3

Question 6

In the thoracic SNS, the efferent pathway consists of preganglionic neurons that exit the spinal cord through the following structures:

Answer 6

1. Ventral horn
2. Ventral rootlets
3. Ventral roots
4. Spinal nerves
5. White communicating rami

Question 7

As a unique feature in the thorax and particularly in the heart, sympathetic preganglionic n irons typically synapse ____

Answer 7

Prior to passing through the splanchnic nerves

Question 8

Thoracic autonomic sympathetic afferents are different from the efferent in that they ___

Answer 8

Leave the sympathetic trunk through the grey communicating rami and go to their respective dorsal root ganglia

Question 9

True or false:

An autonomically denervated heart can still beat

Answer 9

True

Transplant hearts

Question 10

Parasympathetic ganglia are located where?

Answer 10

Either within the cardiac plexus or in the atrial walls

Question 11

What can parasympathetic postganglionic neurons (coming from left vagal cardiac branches) do?

Answer 11

Decrease rate and contractility

Constrict coronary arteries

Question 12

Sympathetic preganglionic neurons from the _____ segments synapse with postganglionic neurons in the ____ or ____

Answer 12

Upper 5 thoracic
Cervical ganglia
Upper thoracic ganglia

Question 13

What can sympathetic postganglionic neurons do?

Answer 13

Increase rate and contractility

Question 14

Parasympathetic afferents communicate what?

Answer 14

Cardiac reflex info

Question 15

The most frequent cause of cardiac pain is ___

Answer 15

Myocardial ischemia

Question 16

Heart pain is likely referred and felt in what dermatome regions?

Answer 16

T1-T4

Question 17

Cardiac nerves carrying postganglionic fibers can either originate from ___ or ___

Answer 17

• T2-T4 symp ganglia

- Symp ganglia situated cranially (superior, middle, and inferior cervical) to T1

Question 18

T2 dermatome related to a ___ which in turn communicates with the ____, pain often extends to the medial aspect of the upper arm

Answer 18

Cutaneous intercostobrachial n.

Medial cutaneous n. of the arm

Question 19

In the event of myocardial ischemia in the inferior wall or diaphragmatic surface of the heart, the distribution of pain could do what?

Answer 19

Enter the trunk and dorsal roots in T7-T9 and be referred to those dermatomes in the epigastric region

Question 20

The innervation of the trachea, bronchi, lungs, and visceral pleura receive contributions from what?

Answer 20

Vagus
Symp postganglionic fibers from T2-T4 on both sides
*but the bulk is parasympathetic

Question 21

Parasympathetic input to the respiratory tree causes ___

Sympathetic does the opposite

Answer 21

Bronchoconstriction

Secretion from mucous glands

Question 22

Parasympathetic preganglionic neurons that innervate esophageal smooth muscle synapse with postganglionic fibers in which plexi?
Where are they located?

Answer 22

Myenteric and Submucosal plexi of the enteric nervous system located in the esophageal wall

Question 23

Visceral sensory innervation of the esophagus is carried by what?

Answer 23

Vagus n.
Sympathetic trunk
Splanchnic nerves

Question 24

Esophageal pain is carried by ____ through ganglia ____ and ____ nerves

Answer 24

Sympathetic afferents
T1-T5
Cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves

Question 25

Both vagus nerves contribute to the esophageal plexus after doing what?

Answer 25

Wrapping around the root of the lungs
Left vagus = anterior plexus
Right = posterior