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BLOCK EXAM 2 > PATH > Flashcards

PATH Flashcards

1
Q

This type of infection is initiated at oestrus and is perpetuated by breeding and parturition.

A

Ascending infection

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2
Q

NAME TWO BACTERIAL INFECTIONS SPREAD BY HEMATOGENOUS ROUTE

A

SALMONELLA

BRUCELLA

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3
Q

TRITRICHOMONAS FETUS CAUSES EARLY EMBRYONIC LOSS IN WHAT SPECIES

A

CATTLE

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4
Q

Progesterone increases defense mechanisms true or false

A

False

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5
Q

IN CATTLE WHAT HORMONE IS PRODUCED DURING ACUTE ENDOMETRITIS?

A

PGF2-ALPHA

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6
Q

What cells would you expect to see in acute inflammation of the uterus? Subacute? Chronic?

A

Acute-neutrophils
Subacute- plasma cells and lymphocytes
Chronic- macrophages and lymphocytes

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7
Q

FIBRINOUS RHINITIS IS CAUSED BY ____ IS ALSO KNOWN AS ______

A

HERPES VIRUS
INFECTIOUS BOVINE RHINOTRACHEITIS
COMMON NAME= RED NOSE
FORMATION OF DIPTHERIC MEMBRANES ***

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8
Q

What is a periovarian cyst?

A

Cyst external to ovary
Remnants of the paramesoneohric/mesonephric duct
Common in horse and cat

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9
Q

CARNIVORES AND MONKEYS HAVE A UNIQUE EXCHANGE SYSTEM . EXPLAIN.

A

CUBOIDAL CELLS AND ALVEOLAR CAPILLARIES FORM RESPIRATORY BRONCHIOLES

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10
Q

Intrafollicular hemorrhage is severe in what species

A

Horse

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11
Q

What is agangensis?

A

Tubular genitalia remains infantile

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12
Q

NEOSPORA CANINUM CAUSES ABORTION IN

A

CATTLE

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13
Q

IN WHAT PHASE IS THE UTERUS OPEN TO THE EXTERNAL ENVT?

A

OESTRUS- CERVIX IS OPEN TO ALLOW SPERM THOUGH

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14
Q

CAUSES OF NECROTIZING/GANGRENOUS/HEMORRHAGIC MASTITIS

A

ECOLI

S. AUREUS

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15
Q

INCLUSION BODY RHINITIS IS CAUSED BY

A

HERPESVIRUS
TARGETS SUBMUCOSAL GLANDS
BASOPHILIC INTRANUCLEAR INCLUSION BODIES
CS- NASAL DC

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16
Q

PYOMETRA IS SECONDARY TO WHAT IN CATS AND DOGS

A

ENDOMETRITIS

ENDOMETRIAL HYPERPLASIA

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17
Q

LYMPHOMA IS THE MOST COMMON METASTATIC NEOPLASM IN THE UTERUS IN ..

A

CATTLE

ET- BOVINE LEUKEMIA VIRUS

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18
Q

ABORTION IN CARNIVORES CAUSED BY

A

NEOSPORA
BRUCELLA
HERPES VIRUS 1

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19
Q

CONDUCTING SYSTEM IS MADE OF _______. IT CONTAINS _____ AND _____

A

NOSTRILS, NASAL CAVITY, PARANASAL SINUSES, NASOPHARYNX, LARYNX, TRACHEA, EXTRAPULMONARY BRONCHI, INTRAPULMONARY BRONCHI

PSEUDOSTRATIFIED CILITED EPITHELIUM
GOBLET CELLS

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20
Q

MOST BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA IS SECONDARY TO

A

VIRAL INFECTION

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21
Q

IN CATTLE WHAT MIGHT YOU SEE IN THE UTERUS AT TIME OF MEAT INSPECTION?

A

SCIRRHOUS= UTERINE NEOPLASIA

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22
Q

What are the defense mechanisms of the uterus?

A

Protective epithelium
Cervix is the gatekeeper
Myometrial tone
Secretions are flushing action

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23
Q

Poor confirmation of the vulva in mares can lead to

A

Urine pooling in the vagina
Defective function-inflammation
Cervical and uterine INF more common

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24
Q

True or false- ovarian cysts can be congenital or acquired

A

True

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25
Q

WHAT IS ATELECTASIS

A

COLLAPSE OF LUNG TISSUE WITH LOSS OF AIR VOLUME

IT WILL SINK

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26
Q

FORMATION OF GOBLET CELLS IS TYPE OF ____

A

METAPLASIA

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27
Q

WHAT DO YOU CALL A MAMMARY GLAND NEOPLASIA?

A

MAMMARY ADENOMA, ADENOCARCINOMA

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28
Q

WHAT IS BRONCHIOLITIS OBLITERANS?

A

INFLAMMATORY OBSTRUCTION OF BRONCHIOLES

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29
Q

OESTRUS OVIS

A

SHEEP NASAL BOT
MYIASIS

RARE SEQUALE- SUPPURTIVE MENINGITIS

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30
Q

In severe cases of pyometra you would expect to see…

A

Necrosis and erosion of epithelium

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31
Q

Estrogen promotes defense mechanisms true or false

A

True

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32
Q

Where is an inclusion cyst located

A

Surface epithelium

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33
Q

CAUSE OF LYMPHOPLASMACYTIC MASTITIS

A

MYCOPLASMA BOVIS

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34
Q

SEQUALE OF PYOMETRA IN HERBIVORES? CARNIVORES?

A

METAPLASIA

HYPERPLASIA

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35
Q

CAUSES OF GRANULOMATOUS MASTITIS

A

MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS
NOCARDIA
FUNGI

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36
Q

Consequence of granulosa cell tumor in mares

A

Nymphomania, stallion behavior

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37
Q

RABBITS ARE PRONE TO WHAT NEOPLASIA

A

UTERINE ADENOCARCINOMA

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38
Q

TOXOPLASMA GONDII CAUSES ABORTION IN

A

EWES

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39
Q

This type of infection is secondary to the entrance of sperm

A

Venereal

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40
Q

WHAT IS BRONCHIECTASIS?

A

THICKENED WALLS OF THE BRONCHI

DUE TO DESTRUCTION OF BRONCHIOLE WALLS DUE TO CHRONIC INFLAMMATION

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41
Q

OUT OF ENDOMETRITIS, METRITIS, AND PYOMETRA WHICH IS THE MOST SEVERE?

A

METRITIS

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42
Q

Describe a teratoma

A

Derived from at least two germ cell layers

Contain hair, teeth, fat, mm, nerves

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43
Q

WHAT IS EMYPHYSEMA

A

OVERINFLATION OF THE ALVEOLI

44
Q

LEPTOSPIROSIS CAUSES ABORTION IN

A

CATTLE AND PIGS

45
Q

WHAT ARE CAUSES OF BACTERIAL PLACENTITIS VIA VENEREAL ROUTE?

A

CAMPLYOBACTER

UREAPLASMA

46
Q

Infection of the vagina and vulva leads to…

A

Hyperplasia and keratinization of the squamous epithelium

47
Q

Describe hypoplastic ovaries

A

Small
Lack follicles
Surface scars from ovulation
Reproductive tract remains infantile

48
Q

EXCHANGE SYSTEM IS COMPOSED OF WHAT?

A

ALVEOLAR DUCTS

ALVEOLI- LINED BY TYPE 1 AND TYPE 2 PNEUMOCYTES

49
Q

During chronic endometrial inflammation you would expect prostaglandin to -

A

Decrease

50
Q

In chronic cases of pyometra you would expect to see…

A

Squamous METAPLASIA

51
Q

YOU SEE VALVULAR GRANULITIS IN A COW WHAT IS THE ETIOLOGY?

A

UREAPLASMA

52
Q

MOST INFECTIONS START AS ___ OFTEN AS A RESULT OF ___

A

ENDOMETRITIS

ASCENDING INFECTION

53
Q

INFECTIOUS ABORTION IN CATTLE IS CAUSED BY

A 
NEOSPORA 
TRITRICHOMONAS 
BRUCELLA 
LISTERIA 
UREAPLASMA 
CAMPLYOBACTER
BOVINE HERPESVIRUS 1 
ASPERGILLUS 
AKABANE (HYDRANENCEPHALY IN THE FETUS)
54
Q

FELINE HERPES VIRUS 1 CAUSES ___

A

RHINITIS, CONJUNCTIVITIS

55
Q

THE UTERUS IS A STERILE ENVT TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

56
Q

Consequence of granulosa cell tumors in queens

A

Prolonged estrous, pyometra

57
Q

LEIOMYOMA

A

OCCURS IN THE SMOOTH MUSCLE OF THE UTERUS, VAGINA, AND VULVA OF AGED ANIMALS

58
Q

What is a cystic Graafian follicle?

A

Failure of follicle to ovulate
Common in cow and sow

Consequences-
Delayed return to estrous
Prolonged estrogen stimulation

59
Q

Describe a dysgerminoma

A 
Germ cell tumor 
Rare 
Malignant 
20% metastasis 
Female Seminoma
60
Q

ARABIANS WITH ____ CAN DIE FROM ADENOVIRAL PNEUMONIA

A

SCID

61
Q

ABORTION IN SHEEP AND GOATS IS CAUSED BY

A

CAMPLYOBACTER FETUS SUBSP FETUS
LISTERIA
CAMPLYOBACTER JEJUNI
BORDER DZ AKA BVD

62
Q

How does an epithelial ovarian tumor spread?

A

TRANSCOLEMIC

63
Q

What is a vascular hamartoma?

A

Incidental finding in cow, sow, mare
Congenital abnormality of the blood vessels
Dark red mass on surface of ovary

64
Q

MYCOTIC ABORTION IS CAUSED BY

A

ASPERGILLUS

NECROTIC COTYLEDONS

65
Q

CONTAGIOUS EQUINE METRITIS IS CAUSED BY …

A

TAYLORELLA EQUGENITALIS

66
Q

CAUSES OF CONTAGIOUS MASTITIS

A

STREP AGALACTIAE
STAPH AUREUS
MYCOPLASMA

67
Q

MDX FOR MILD ENDOMETRIAL INFLAMMATION

A

MILD ACUTE NEUTOPHILIC ENDOMETRITIS

68
Q

What cells make up the vulva, vagina, and cervix

A

Keratinized stratified squamous cells

69
Q

INFLAMMATION OF THE UTERUS CAN CAUSE

A

INFERTILITY

70
Q

PATHOGENESIS OF PYOMETRA IN DOGS

A

ESTROUS->ENDOMETRITIS->PYOMETRA

71
Q

PROGRESSIVE ETHMOIDAL HEMATOMA IS LIKELY TO CAUSE _—— IN AN OLDER HORSE

A

EPISTAXIS

72
Q

True or false- a granulosa cell tumor is not endocrine active

A

False

73
Q

What three cells can an ovarian tumor arise from

A

Germ cells
Sex cord stromal cells (granulosa or interstitial/theca)
Epithelial cells

74
Q

Ascending fungal infection can be observed in what species

A

Horses

75
Q

TRANSITIONAL SYSTEM SUSCEPTIBLE TO INJURY. LIST COMMON INJURIES.

A

BOVINE PARAINFLUENZA VIRUS 3, BOVINE RESP SYNCYTIAL VIRUS, CANINE DISTEMPER VIRUS, NITROGEN DIOXIDE, SULFUR DIOXIDE, OZONE, 3-METHYLINDOLE, PARAQUAT

76
Q

TRANSITIONAL SYSTEM IS WHAT BODY PART? NOTABLE CELLS?

A 
BRONCHIOLES 
CLUB CELLS (DETOX), NON CILIATED SECRETORY CELLS
77
Q

What is the most common type of ovarian tumor

A

Sex cord stromal cell tumor (granulosa or interstitial/theca cell)

78
Q

CAUSES OF BACTERIAL PLACENTITIS VIA HEMATOGENOUS ROUTE

A

SALMONELLA
BRUCELLA
LISTERIA

79
Q

WHAT BACTERIAL INF CAUSES LESIONS IN THE FETAL BRAIN?

A

NEOSPORA

80
Q

WHAT COLOR WILL INFARCTS BE IN THE LUNGS?

A

RED

81
Q

What is pyometra?

A

Accumulation of neutrophils and necrotic debris in the lumen of the uterus

82
Q

True or false- most infectious start as endometritis

A

True

83
Q

EQUINE COITAL EXANTHEMA IS CAUSED BY

A

EQUINE HERPES VIRUS 3

84
Q

ABORTION IN SOWS IS ALSO KNOWN AS ____ IT IS CAUSED BY___

A

SMEDI- STILBORN, MUMMIFIED, EMBRYONIC DEATH, INFERTILITY

PORCINE PARVIRUS
PORCINE ENTEROVIRUS

85
Q

ATROPHIC RHINITIS IS CAUSED BY

A

BORDETELLA (DERMONECROTIC TOXIN-INHIBITS OSTEOBLASTS)

PASTEURELLA MULTOCIDA (TOXIGENIC- ACTIVATES OSTEOCLASTS)

86
Q

SOURCES OF ESTROGEN

A 
CYSTIC GRAAFIAN FOLLICLES
CYSTIC OVARIAN DISEASE 
GRANULOSA CELL TUMORS 
RED CLOVER
ZEARALENONE
87
Q

WHAT CAUSES MARE REPRODUCTIVE LOSS SYNDROME?

A

SEPTAE FROM CATERPILLAR- MECHANICAL PENETRATION OF GI LEADS TO BACTEREMIA, PLACENTITIS, FETAL INFECTION

88
Q

What are consequences of a post ovulation acquired endothelial inclusion cyst in horses?

A

Can obstruct the ovulation fossa and cause infertility

89
Q

Post insemination you would expect to see what blood change?

A

Leukocytosis- neutrophils and macrophages phagocytose bacteria and sperm

90
Q

CAUSES OF ENVIRONMENTAL MASTITIS

A

ECOLI

STREP

91
Q

Uterus is most susceptible to infection during the - phase

A

Luteal

92
Q

CAUSE OF SUPPURATIVE MASTITIS

A

S. AGALACTIAE

93
Q

Inflammation of the ovary

A

Oophoritis

94
Q

CHRONIC INFLAMMATION LEADS TO GOBLET CELL HYPERPLASIA WHICH LEADS TO ______ WHICH CAN LEAD TO WHAT TO TWO THINGS

A

CATARRHAL BRONCHIOLITIS

  1. PNEUMONIA—> BRONCHIOLITIS OBLITERANS
  2. OBTRUCTION OF THE BRONCHI-> EMPHYSEMA OR ATELECTASIS
95
Q

A DOG WITH CYSTIC ENDOMETRIAL HYPERPLASIA IS PRONE TO …

A

PYOMETRA

96
Q

PATHOGENESIS OF PYOMETRA IN CATTLE

A

POST PARTUM (RETAINED FETAL MEMBRANES)->ENDOMETRITIS->CLOSING OF THE CERVIX->PYOMETRA

97
Q

Inflammation of the oviduct

A

Salpingitis

98
Q

POTENTIALLY PATHOGENIC BACTERIA IN NORMAL BIOTA OF THE RESP SYSTEM

A

MANNHEMIA HAEMOLYTICA
PASTEURELLA MULTOCIDA
BORDETELLA BRONCHIEPTA

99
Q

INFECTIOUS PUSTULAR VULVOMETRITIS IN CATTLE IS CAUSED BY…

A

BOVINE HERPES 1 VIRUS

100
Q

Ascending infection leading to PLACENTITIS is observed in what species

A

Horses

101
Q

LEPTOSPIRA CAUSES LATE GESTATION ABORTION WITH NO FETAL OR PLACENTAL LESIONS IN WHAT SPECIES

A

COW

102
Q

Common hematogenous infections (4) of female repro

A

Brucellosis, salmonellosis, pestiviral INF, herpes virus inf

103
Q

During acute endometrial inflammation you would expect to see a rise in -

A

Prostaglandin

104
Q

WHAT CAUSES ABORTION IN MARES

A

EQUINE HERPESVIRUS 1
STREP EQUI SUBSPECIES ZOOEPIDEMICUS

WILL SEE EOSINOPHILIC INCLUSION BODIES

105
Q

Infections are easier to overcome at estrous true or false

A

True - better cervical drainage, up regulation of b and t lymphocytes

106
Q

LYMPHOMA IN CATTLE IS CAUSED BY

A

Bovine leukemia virus

BLOCK EXAM 2 (4 decks)

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