Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

written boards > Path > Flashcards

Path Flashcards

0
Q

What does von kossa stain and what dz

A

Calcium

Band k

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Alcian blue stains what? What dz?

A

Mucopolysaccaride

Schnabels cav optic atrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Ziehl neelaen stains what?

A

Acid fast organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Collidal iron stains what? Used for what dz?

A

Mucopolysacc

Macular k dystropjy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are desmin, myoglobin ihc stains used for?

A

Rhabdo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Whats the s-100 stain used for?

A

Neurofibroma and melanoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are hmb-45 and melan -a stains used for?

A

Nevius

Melanoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does acanthosis mean?

A

Thickening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Muir torre is ass w seb cell ca and also what other eyelid lesion?

A

Keratoacanthoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Whats the defining feature histologically of verruca?

A

Pointy w LOTS of KERATIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Whats bacillary angiomatosis?

A

Eschar 2/2 bartonella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Whats inverted follicular keratosis?

A

Sebhorric keratosis that become irritated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Whats the most common type of bcc?

A

Nodular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What type of bcc is most likely to recur?

A

Morpheaform

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Whats gorlin goltz syndrome?

A

Pple w genetic predisposition to bcc
Get it young
May have tumors in place of wisdom teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What type of stain for seb cell ca and what type of spread?

A

Oil red o

Pagetoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Whats the histology of an ephilis (freckle)?

A

Melanocytes producing more pigment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Whats the histology of a nevus

A

MORE number of melanocytes that stack up on each other and go into dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Whats the histology of lentigo?

A

More melanocytes but in their normal location at bottom of epidermis spreads linearly.
(Nevus- melanocytes stack up on each other and grow into dermis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where do melanocytes arise?

A

Neural crest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where is a junctional nevus located?

A

At jxn between dermis and epidermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where is compound nevus locted and how does it appear clinically?

A

Epidermis and dermis and appears raised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Whats lentigo maligna melanoma?

A

Lentigo in jxn area that becomes a melanoma.
Usually middle aged pple sun exposed skin
Lesion may wax and wane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Whats the most common type of skin melanoma?

A

Superficial spreading

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Who gets superficial spreading melanoma (most common type) and how does it appear

A

Younger pt can grow on any surface

Pagerois spread

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Limbal dermoid associated w what syndrome?

A

Goldenhaar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Peters is ass w mom doing what during pregnancy

A

Etoh or warfarin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Whats labrador dystrophy of the k?

A

Actinic sub damage to k appears as yellowish deposits in stroma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Whats the term when the k stroma is inflammed?

A 
Interstitial keratitis
Causes:
Hsv
Tb
Syphillis
Cogans syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

In schnabels what is contained in the empty spaces?

A

Hyaluronic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

histologically, in fuchs, what happens to the k endo?

A

the posterior part becomes thickened with banded collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

whats subluxation of the lens?

A

displacement of the lens- in its plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

whats luxation of the lens

A

displacemen of the lens out of its plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

in what direction does the lens weill-marchesani luxate? and inheritence pattern

A

forward/back 2/2 microspherophakia

likely AD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

lens findings in alports and inher pattern

A

anterior lenticonus

x-linked dominant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Lowes syndrome pseudonym and inheritence pattern

A

oculocerebral-renal syndrome

x linked recessive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

main eye issue in lowe syndrome

A

glaucoma (50%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

what causes morgagnian globules/cataract?

A

broken down cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

histolocalli what causes psc?

A

“bladder cells”- ie epi cells that abnormally migrate posteriorly and swell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

whats the histology of a rubella cataract?

A

persistance of fetal nucleus in the center

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

what causes PCO?

A

leftover epi cells proliferate at the edge of the capsular bag. When they group they are called elschning pearls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

what type of bug is p acnes

A

gram + fillamentous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

how does the lens nourish itself?

A

anaerobic pathway- in high BG shift to HMP shunt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

what % of sporadic aniridia will have willms tumor?

A

1/3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

whats gillespie syndrome and whats the inher?

A

aniridia w MR and cerebellar ataxia

AR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Most common location of iris coloboma?

A

inf- nasal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

in trisomy 13 (patau) the baby will have iris and ciliary body coloboma- what is found in the place of the cb?

A

cartiledge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

how do you treat iris melanoma?

A

excise only- it does not metastsize

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

remember the ddx of iris nodules

A

brushfield spots (downs)
lisch nodules (nf1)
JXG
bussaca/koppe/berlin (sarcoid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

3 area of adhesion of uvea to globe

A

SS
Vortex veins
ONH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Meduloepithelioma of cb- benign or malig, what abnormal tissue may you see on path?

A

benign

calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

in end stage glaucoma the vessels by the nerve get pushed where?

A

nasally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

whats the path of melanomalytic glaucoma?

A

macrophages eating melanoma cells clogging tm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

whats the gene in pseudoex?

A

LOXL1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Phacolytic glaucoma- intact capsule or violated?

A

intact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

phacoanaphylactic glaucoma- intact bag or violated?

A

violated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

name 3 types of membranes that can grown over the angle

A

1) nvg
2) ice
3) epi downgrowth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

whats the mechanism of iris distortion in ice syndrome?

A

abnorm K endo grows down–> membrane covers iris/angle–>pinches iris–>distorts iris–>grows into crypts–> distorts iris stroma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

ice- unilateral or bilateral?

A

unilateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

which part of the CB makes aqueous?

A

non-pig epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

whats the histology of steroid induced glaucoma?

A

GAG deposition in the TM

61
Q

whats the hostology of haabs striae?

A

horizontal breaks in descemets seen in congenital glaucoma

62
Q

what is asteroid made of?

A

calcium apetite spheres in vitreous

63
Q

how many layers in retina and name them

A 
9
nfl
gang cell
in plex
in nuc
outer plex
outer nuc
PR
RPE
Bruchs
64
Q

Whats the watershed zone for perfusion of the retina

A

the inner nuclear layer

65
Q

whats the “mulberry” lesion in the retina and what dz?

A

astrocytic hamartoma- tuberous sclerosis

66
Q

whats the generic name of jetrea?

A

ocriplasmin

67
Q

how much ON sample do you want to take in RB?

A

10mm

68
Q

whats would you see in an eye developing sympathetic ophthalmia?

A

diffuse granulomatous panuveitis with exudative detachments

69
Q

has RB OU- chance offspring will have RB?

A

45%

70
Q

has unilateral RB- chance offspring will be effected?

A

7%

71
Q

no hx of RB- chance offspring will have RB?

A

<1%

72
Q

If spread to CNS prognosis is

A

6 mo to live

73
Q

trilateral RB?

A

RB OU with pinealblastoma

74
Q

if optic nerve extention is suspected- whats the next step in w/u?

A

LP

75
Q

when do you enucleate in RB?

A

If the tumor is >50% of globe

76
Q

if an RB is small (<50%) how do you treat?

A

high dose systemic chemo to decr tumor burden (with serial EUAs to make sure the tumor is decreasing), then local treatment with laser or cryo

77
Q

how do you clinically dx RB?

A

Bscan and exam - will show calcifications

78
Q

why might RB present with hypopyon?

A

if tumor cells float into AC

79
Q

When would you do plaque radiotherapy in RB?

A

salvage therapy if other therapies have failed

80
Q

how long after dx with bilateral RB might a child be dx with osteosarcoma or other secondary tumors like pinealoma, malignant melanoma?

A

9 yrs later

81
Q

Whats pseudoexfoliative material made of?

A

Basement menbrane material

82
Q

What % of pple dx w choroidal melanoma have metastatic dz at that time?

A

2%

83
Q

pam w atypia progresses to melanoma what % of the time

A

50%

84
Q

whats a meduloepithelioma derived from?

A

primitive medullary epithelium (primitive retina)

85
Q

whats a fuchs adenoma?

A

CB tumor that is white and encapsulated. stains PAS positive

86
Q

Should you consider a retinocytoma to be equivalent to a RB?

A

Yes. even though its more differentiaed, its considered like a RB

87
Q

What did the COMS study show for large melanomas?

A

no benefit in survival in doing radiation prior to enuclation in large choroidal melanomas

88
Q

what chromosome is NF1 found on?

A

17

89
Q

what did coms show for medium sized melanomas?

A

no difference in rates of mets in pts getting enucleation vs plaque

90
Q

how do melanomas tend to spread?

A

through the sclera

91
Q

what is the systemic workup for melanoma?

A

physical exam
LFTs
CXR

92
Q

What color are lisch nodules?

A

tan

93
Q

what color are iris mamliation?

A

same color as iris

94
Q

whats the inheritance of NF1?

A

AD

95
Q

ocular melanoma: this location has best prognosis and this location has the worst

A 
iris  best (just excise)
CB (worst)
96
Q

whats the special stain for merkel cell ca?

A

chromogranin

97
Q

what does mucor look like under the scope

A

hyphae branch at 90 degree angles

98
Q

what does aspergillus look like under the scope?

A

hypae branch in finger-like projections

99
Q

Most common location of iris melanoma

A

inferio-temporal iris

100
Q

which type of leukemia mets to the orbit most?

A

ALL (bimodal distribution)

101
Q

whats the other name of a meduloepithelioma, what part of the ciliary body is it a tumor of, and how is it treated?

A

diktioma
tumor of non-pigmented ciliary epithelium
enuc vs observation
can occur in ONH or retina

102
Q

does alphagan cause pupillary constriction?

A

yes, bc of weak alpha 2 effect

103
Q

what acute inflammation of the meibomian glands called?

A

internal hordeolum

104
Q

whats an external hodeolum?

A

acute inflammation of zeiss glands (around eyelashes)

105
Q

loss of what substance in the lens can lead to cataract formation?

A

glutathione

106
Q

what does candida look like

what does fusarium look like

A

candida is a yeast and looks like a bud

fusarium is long filamentous fungi

107
Q

what type of immune rxn is scleritis?

A

type 3

108
Q

what causes dorsal midbrain syndrome in a kid?

A

pinealoma

109
Q

where does conj melanoma met to?

where does uveal melanoma met to?

A

conj- lymph nodes

uvea- liver

110
Q

what type of collagen in the lens capsule?

A

type 4

111
Q

whats the most common eye dz associated with nevus of ota? (hint its not uveal melanoma)

A

glaucoma

112
Q

whats the inheritance of marfans?

A

AD (tall dominant person)

113
Q

bcc is most likely to met to orbit if its in which location?

A

medial canthus

114
Q

name 2 stains for calcium

A

alizarin red

von kossa

115
Q

what type of radiation is used for choroidal melanoma

A

Iodine-125

116
Q

what causes bietti dystrophy?

A

defect in lipid metabolism

117
Q

what does the term “tapetoretinal” mean?

A

retinal dystrophy effecting the PR and RPE

118
Q

gelatinous k dystrophy whats the inher?

A

AR- its an amyloid thing

119
Q

how do you treat capillary hemangioma?

A

topical timolol and oral propranolol

120
Q

what fixative do you use it sending specimen for electron microscopy?

A

gluteraldehyde

121
Q

a whole eyeball is going for formalin fixation, how do you prepare it?

A

suspend whole eyeball in formalin for 12 hours before cutting into it

122
Q

fungal infection causes what type of local immune rxn

A

necrotizing granuloma

124
Q

iris coloboma is considered “typical” if it is located where? what is it ass w?

A

infero-nasal “nasal= “normal= typical”

can be associated with colobomas in other parts of the eye

125
Q

when is an iris coloboma atypical?

A

if its anywhere besides inf-nasal

126
Q

Men2b what tumors do they get?

A

Medullary ca of the thyroid

Pheochromocytoma

127
Q

whats a reducing substance in the lens that protects against cataract?

A

glutathione

128
Q

whats the volume of the vitreous?

A

4mL

129
Q

whats the special path finding in ON glioma?

A

Rosenthal fibers (degenerating eosinophilic filaments)

130
Q

whats the special path finding in ON meningioma?

A

psammoma bodies (swirly round red thing made of calcium)

131
Q

what characterizes hemangiopericytoma on path?

A

stag-horn vascular channels

132
Q

what do antoni a cells look like?

A

nuclear palisading (nuclii all lined up in a row)

133
Q

what does breast cancer look like?

A

“indian file” round blue nuclii all lined up in rows

134
Q

what do you see on path with rhabdo?

A

cross-striations

135
Q

what does ON glioma look like?

A

super dense!!! no spaces no cytoplasm (and don’t forget red Rosenthal fibers)

136
Q

where do you see psammoma bodies?

A

ON meningioma

137
Q

what do spindle A cell (melanoma) look like?

A

cigar shaped w chromatin stripe

138
Q

what do spindle B look like?

A

cigar shaped w distinct dot nucleolus

139
Q

what are melanoma epitheliod cells?

A

look cells that “look at you”

140
Q

metastatic adenocarcinoma to the choroid will stain with what?

A

PAS

141
Q

What do endophytic and exophytic mean when it comes to RB?

A

endophytic- from inner retina

exophytic- from outer retina

142
Q

Flexner wintersteiner and homer-wright whats the difference?

A

Flexner - has a clear lumen

horner- just has pink tangles in the middle

143
Q

what does coats disese look like on path?

A

exudates and lipid filled retina

144
Q

what do you see in a medulloepithelioma?

A

cysts and hyaline

145
Q

where does meduloepithelioma arise?

A

any tissue derived from neuroectoderm (retina, on, cb epi, iris epi)

146
Q

what color does GMS look like in the cornea?

A

green

147
Q

where is iron deposited in Fleischer ring?

A

in epithelium- looks blue on iron stain

148
Q

non-sulfated keratin sulfate in which dz?

A

macular dystrophy

149
Q

in posterior polymorphous, what does the K endo look like?

A

epi!

150
Q

what does a plexiform neurofibroma look like?

A

“bag of worms”- round things full of mucin

written boards (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions