Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

REPRO 1 > PATH > Flashcards

PATH Flashcards

1
Q

This term describes the gross appearance of chorionic villi

A

cotyledons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How does maternal blood enter the intervillous space?

A

via the spiral arteries of the uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How does deoxygenated fetal blood enter the placenta?

A

via 2 umbilical arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Radial branching of the umbilical arteries form _______

A

chorionic arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What should you start thinking if you clamp the cord and there is only one umbilical artery?

A

other anomalies i.e. RENAL and HEART

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What should you start thinking if you clamp the cord and there is only one umbilical vein?

A

Nice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Are there any ramifications to a cotyledon staying in the uterus after delivery?

A

yes they may lead to clotting and or hemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How are first trimester chorionic villi different than third trimester chorionic villi (microscopically)

A

first trimester ones are edematous in the center with trophoblastic proliferation on the margins? A third trimester villus will have thinner trophoblast and the center will contain more vessels!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do syncytial knots tell you about the state of a 2nd trimester placenta? 1st trimester placenta?

A

These are normal in 2nd trimester as it is starting to mature but if in 1st trimester it is not good

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why would you see intervillous fibrin deposition in a 3rd trimester slice of placenta?

A

because blood fills the intervillous spaces thus, this is a normal finding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

If you are looking at a slice of placenta and note an inflammatory infiltrate what is the likely Dx?

A

chorionitis (chorioamnionitis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

This is the correct term for inflammation of Wharton’s Jelly?

A

Funisitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Define spontaneous abortion

A

pregnancy loss before 20 weeks of gestation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the most likely fetal cause of spontaenous abortion (general)

A

chromosomal anomalies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a major maternal factor for spontaneous pregnancy loss?

A

UNCONTROLLED DIABETES, but there are many others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

If you suspect a systemic disorder affecting maternal vasculature as the cause for a spontaneous abortion, what Ab should you test for?

A

anti-phospholipid antibodies, APA is assoc with SLE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

This is the most common site of ectopic pregnancy

A

fallopian tubes (90%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the most important predisposing factor to ectopic pregnancy?

A

Pelvic inflammatory Dz (C. trachomatis > N. gonorrhea)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the most common cause of a hematosalpinx?

A

Tubal pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

If a woman is having problems late in pregnancy why are you no longer thinking of ectopic pregnancy (tubal)?

A

She would have had complications much earlier on from that, so a disorder late in pregnancy is not going to be in the fallopian tubes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is a major problem that ascending chorioamnionitis may cause?

A

PROM and delivery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

A calculation of fetal hyperactivity is directly proportional to the number of these

A

twists in the umbilical cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

A retroplacental hemorrhage is aka _________ _____________

A

abruptio placentae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the 3 types of twin placentas? Given that what combination is not possible?

A

diamnionicdichorionic, diamnionicmonochorionic, monoamnionicmonochorionic——-not possible to have 2 chorions and 1 amnion, which makes sense, really.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is implied by a monochorionic placenta in twins?

A

identical twinning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is implied by dichorionic placentation?

A

identical or fraternal twinning

27
Q

What is a possible complication (for the twins) of monochorionic placentation?

A

twin-twin transfusion syndrome, this is when one twin steals more of the blood supply and grows bigger than the other twin, this may even kill the other twin

28
Q

What is fetus papyrus?

A

a result of twin-twin transfusion syndrome where the dead twin regresses into the placenta

29
Q

If the placenta is delivered and contains some of the uterine wall, what did disorder of placentation probably occurred?

A

placenta accreta because it invaded the myometrium

30
Q

if the first thing to come out in deliver is the placenta, what disorder of placentation probably occurred?

A

placenta previa

31
Q

In placenta previa, the blastocyst implants over the __________

A

cervical os

32
Q

This disorder of placentation is a surgical emergency

A

abruptio placentae

33
Q

Differentiate among the following: placenta accreta, placenta increta, placenta percreta

A

accreta goes into superficial myometrium, increta is deep into it and PERcreta is all the way out through the myometrium into the PERimetrium

34
Q

These are the 2 pathways by which infection of fetus or extraembryonic membranes may occur

A

ascending or hematogenous/transplacental

35
Q

What is the most common pathway of infection, what type of organism?

A

ascending via birth canal; bacterial

36
Q

Describe what you would see on an amniocentesis sample if there was a bacterial chorioamnionitis?

A

it would be cloudy, just like a CSF sample from bacterial meningitis

37
Q

Describe how you would differentiate whether an infection of the chorionic villi was from a typical bacterial infection via the ascending route or a TORCH infection from the hematogenous route.

A

Ascending infections are usually bacterial which cause acute inflammation so you would see congestion, edema and PMN’s. TORCH infections are hematogenous and elicit a chronic response so you would expect lymphocytes

38
Q

The triad of pre-eclampsia

A

edema, HTN, proteinuria

39
Q

Pre-ecclampsia is from widespread dysfunction of ________

A

endothelium

40
Q

Who is pre-ecclampsia the most common in?

A

primipara’s

41
Q

What should the father think if he has 3 kids and the mom is always pre-ecclamptic?

A

she’s got some ‘splainin to do

42
Q

How is ecclampsia different from pre-ecclampsia?

A

They have seizures now

43
Q

Why are there areas of coagulative necrosis of the placenta in pre-ecclampsia?

A

because placental infarcts ( = coagulative necrosis) are common

44
Q

Given that there is an increase for risk of retroplacental hematomas in pre-ecclampsia one can deduce that there is likely an increased risk for this

A

abruptio placentae

45
Q

Pre-ecclampsia may show this type of necrosis in decidual vessels

A

fibrinoid

46
Q

Pre-ecclamptics may have deposition of this in their kidneys

A

FIBRIN

47
Q

Hydatidiforms are associated with these 2 persistent trophoblastic diseases

A

invasive mole, choriocarcinoma

48
Q

What is the bimodal age distribution for risk of hydatidiform moles?

A

at the tails of reproductive life i.e. teens and near-menopause

49
Q

Differentiate the karyotypes of complete moles and partial moles

A

A complete mole will have 46 XX, a partial mole is TRIPLOID and is 69 XXY

50
Q

T/F: complete moles are maternally derived

A

false, the karyotype arises from fertilization of an EMPTY OVUM with either a haploid sperm that duplicates (90%) or 2 sperm (dispermy, 10%)

51
Q

What are the 3 possibilities for how a partial mole is formed?

A

2 sperm fertilize an ovum (NOT an empty ovum), a diploid ovum fertilized by 1 sperm, a diploid sperm fertilizes an ovum

52
Q

T/F: a partial mole has an increased risk of choriocarcinoma

A

false

53
Q

T/F: a mole that has a coast of Norway appearance on H/E has an increased risk of choriocarcinoma

A

True, coast of Norway describes the appearance of a complete mole which is associated with increased risk of choriocarcinoma

54
Q

T/F: a partial mole has an increased risk of persistent molar disease

A

true but not choriocarcinoma

55
Q

Which type of mole can be described as having a grape-like appearance?

A

a complete mole, much more so than a partial mole

56
Q

THROWBACK: if a young girl came in with vaginal bleeding and you saw grape-like lesions in her vagina what would you diagnose her with?

A

Botryoides type rhabdomyosarcoma; botryo = “bunch of grapes”

57
Q

What term describes a mole that penetrates or even perforates the uterine wall?

A

invasive mole

58
Q

What are the malignant cells in a choriocarcinoma?

A

trophoblastic cells

59
Q

T/F: a woman who has never been pregnant can develop choriocarcinoma

A

FALSE

60
Q

Where do choriocarcinomas “love” to metastasize? Prognosis?

A

LUNGS (and brain) good prognosis with chemo

61
Q

Do choriocarcinomas produce chorionic villi?

A

nope

62
Q

What kind of trophoblastic tumor produces chorionic villi?

A

Placental site trophoblastic tumor

63
Q

Are placental site trophoblastic tumors benign or malignant?

A

malignant

REPRO 1 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions