Path

Question 1

Amyloid

Answer 1

Extracellular aggregates misfolded insoluble proteins
Congo red staining green birefringence
Group of diseases
AMyloid light chain from serum free light chains
Amyloid a protein from liver in acute phase inflammatory states
B amyloid (ab) alzheimer

Either normal proteins produced inceased amount or mutant proteins

Systemic primary (al) from light chains in myeloma (15% of myeloma have amyloid, also majority al amyloid not myeloma just isolated light chains)
or secondary (aa) - previously infective now autoimmune diseases (ra) or cancer
or familial or dialysis (ab2m) b2 microglobulin
Localised - senile cerebral in alzheimers, thyroid medullary carcinoma, islets, isolated atrial

Affectss multiple organs kidney most common. Glomerulus. Proteinuria then renal failure
Heart in senile systemic - subendothelial leading to conduction disturbance and restrictive cardiomyopathy
Brain -blood vessels and plaques, bleeding from weakened vessels