CTC Cardioresp

Question 1

Cavity

Answer 1

Cancer scc
Autoimmune -ra/caplan, wegeners
Vasc - septic or bland emboli
Infection- tb/mai/aspergillus
Trauma
Young - cpam/seq

Question 2

Mucinous adenocarcinoma spectrum

Answer 2

Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia - <5mm gg nodule
Adenocarcinoma IS - <3cm part solid nodule
MIA <5mm stromal invasion
Invasive mucinous adrnocarcinoma = BAC

Question 3

T staging lung cancer

N

Answer 3

T1 <3cm
T2 3-5 or visceral pleura or main bronchus
T3 5-7 or chest wall/pericardium/phrenic nerve or net in same lobe
Pancoast into T1/2
T4 >7cm or carina or mediastinum or diaphragm or met in same lung
Pancoast into c8

N1 ipsilateral up to hilum
N2 ipsilateral mediastinum or subcarinal
N3 contra lateral mediastinum or hilum or supraclavicular

Do pet for nodal staging. It’s better

Question 4

Sarcoidosis staging

Answer 4

0 n
1 nodes
2 nodes and parenchyma
3 parenchyma only
4 pmf

Question 5

Trachea

Answer 5

Doesn’t involve posterior membrane:
Smooth, less common to calcify: relapsing polychindritis
Nodular, calcifies: tracheobronchopathis osteochondroplastica

Involves PM
Short seg - wegeners or post intubation stenosis
Long seg - wegeners or amyloid

Question 6

Tracheal and bronchial tumours

Answer 6

SCC most common malignancy smoking
Adenoid cystic 2nd not smoking
Carcinoid not smoking
Papilloma most common benign smoking or hpv

Spectrum of pulmonary NET from typical through atypical carcinoid to small and large cell
Typical carcinoid central endobronchial not smoking related 25% cold pet, atypical larger and peripheral

Question 7

Brinchiectasis differential

Answer 7

Captain kangaroo has Mounier kuhn

Cf and congenital cystic bronchiectasis (Williams Campbell)
Abpa
Post infection - immunocompromise
Tb

Kartageners
Mounier Kuhn tracheobronchomegaly

Question 8

Valve pathology

Answer 8

Aortic stenosis - degenerative bicuspid rheumatic. Supravalvular williams
Ao regurg- bicuspid, marfan, root dilatation htn, dissection, endocarditis

Ms rheumatic
Mp myxoid, endocarditis, dilated CM, post mi

Ps williams supravalvular, Noonan, subvalvular tof
Pr tof repair failure

Tcr endocarditis phtn(most common) carcinoid

Question 9

Right arch mirror image branching

Answer 9

90% have tof

Truncus has 33%chance, tof 25%

Question 10

Egg on a string

Answer 10

Transposition

Question 11

Snow man

Answer 11

Supracardiac tapvr

Question 12

Boot

Answer 12

Tof

Question 13

Box

Answer 13

Ebstein

Also think vein of Galen and infantile hepatic haemangioma

Question 14

Cyanotic

Answer 14

Tof
Tc a ebstein
Tapvr
Transp
Truncus
Tingle ventricle

R arch- tof or truncus

Massive heart ebstein

Increased bf - tapvr, d transposition, truncus, tingle ventricle

Decr or normal- tof, tricuspid atresia, ebstein

Non cyanotic:
Asd vsd pda
Papvr
Coarctation

Question 15

Small heart

Answer 15

Cachectic addisons constrictive pericarditis

Question 16

CHF in newborn

Answer 16

Tapvr
As or Ms
Hypoplastic l heart
Cor triatriatum
Pre Ductal coarctation

Question 17

Abnormal myocardium

Answer 17

Stunned acute post mi decreased contractility but normal perfusion
Hibernating chronic ischaemia decr contractility and abn fixed perfusion will redistribute on delayed thalium will take up fdg
Scar decr con abn fixed perf no redistribution on delayed uptake pet cold

Scar is bright due to subtraction

Question 18

Late gad enhancement

Answer 18

Subendocardial in basic dist infarct
Subendocardial circumferential amyloid long t1

Mid wall or epicardial sarcoidosis or myocarditis coxsackie

Question 19

Tumours

Answer 19

Adults
Myxoma la
Fibroelastoma valves
Angiosarcoma ra invades pericardium

Kids
Rhabdomyoma ts t2 bright lv
Fibroma Ivs t2 dark

Most common tumour met lung melanoma
Most common mass thrombus