CTC Cardioresp Flashcards
Cavity
Cancer scc Autoimmune -ra/caplan, wegeners Vasc - septic or bland emboli Infection- tb/mai/aspergillus Trauma Young - cpam/seq
Mucinous adenocarcinoma spectrum
Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia - <5mm gg nodule
Adenocarcinoma IS - <3cm part solid nodule
MIA <5mm stromal invasion
Invasive mucinous adrnocarcinoma = BAC
T staging lung cancer
N
T1 <3cm
T2 3-5 or visceral pleura or main bronchus
T3 5-7 or chest wall/pericardium/phrenic nerve or net in same lobe
Pancoast into T1/2
T4 >7cm or carina or mediastinum or diaphragm or met in same lung
Pancoast into c8
N1 ipsilateral up to hilum
N2 ipsilateral mediastinum or subcarinal
N3 contra lateral mediastinum or hilum or supraclavicular
Do pet for nodal staging. It’s better
Sarcoidosis staging
0 n 1 nodes 2 nodes and parenchyma 3 parenchyma only 4 pmf
Trachea
Doesn’t involve posterior membrane:
Smooth, less common to calcify: relapsing polychindritis
Nodular, calcifies: tracheobronchopathis osteochondroplastica
Involves PM
Short seg - wegeners or post intubation stenosis
Long seg - wegeners or amyloid
Tracheal and bronchial tumours
SCC most common malignancy smoking
Adenoid cystic 2nd not smoking
Carcinoid not smoking
Papilloma most common benign smoking or hpv
Spectrum of pulmonary NET from typical through atypical carcinoid to small and large cell
Typical carcinoid central endobronchial not smoking related 25% cold pet, atypical larger and peripheral
Brinchiectasis differential
Captain kangaroo has Mounier kuhn
Cf and congenital cystic bronchiectasis (Williams Campbell)
Abpa
Post infection - immunocompromise
Tb
Kartageners
Mounier Kuhn tracheobronchomegaly
Valve pathology
Aortic stenosis - degenerative bicuspid rheumatic. Supravalvular williams
Ao regurg- bicuspid, marfan, root dilatation htn, dissection, endocarditis
Ms rheumatic
Mp myxoid, endocarditis, dilated CM, post mi
Ps williams supravalvular, Noonan, subvalvular tof
Pr tof repair failure
Tcr endocarditis phtn(most common) carcinoid
Right arch mirror image branching
90% have tof
Truncus has 33%chance, tof 25%
Egg on a string
Transposition
Snow man
Supracardiac tapvr
Boot
Tof
Box
Ebstein
Also think vein of Galen and infantile hepatic haemangioma
Cyanotic
Tof Tc a ebstein Tapvr Transp Truncus Tingle ventricle
R arch- tof or truncus
Massive heart ebstein
Increased bf - tapvr, d transposition, truncus, tingle ventricle
Decr or normal- tof, tricuspid atresia, ebstein
Non cyanotic:
Asd vsd pda
Papvr
Coarctation
Small heart
Cachectic addisons constrictive pericarditis
CHF in newborn
Tapvr As or Ms Hypoplastic l heart Cor triatriatum Pre Ductal coarctation
Abnormal myocardium
Stunned acute post mi decreased contractility but normal perfusion
Hibernating chronic ischaemia decr contractility and abn fixed perfusion will redistribute on delayed thalium will take up fdg
Scar decr con abn fixed perf no redistribution on delayed uptake pet cold
Scar is bright due to subtraction
Late gad enhancement
Subendocardial in basic dist infarct
Subendocardial circumferential amyloid long t1
Mid wall or epicardial sarcoidosis or myocarditis coxsackie
Tumours
Adults
Myxoma la
Fibroelastoma valves
Angiosarcoma ra invades pericardium
Kids
Rhabdomyoma ts t2 bright lv
Fibroma Ivs t2 dark
Most common tumour met lung melanoma
Most common mass thrombus
