Path 1 Oral Cavity/esoph Flashcards
Congentital abnormalities
Presence of GI didoders should prompt what?
Atresia/fistulae- dicorvered when? urgent?
Fistula can lead to? assoctiated with?
Most common form of intestinal atresia? due to?
whatstenosis result in what?
Omphalocele vs. Gastrochisis?
congenital- ectopia
most common site? can result in?
pancreas? frequency? found where?
gastric heteropia- what is it? present with? 2
Meckel diverticulum
type of diverticulum? what part of bowel?
result of?
characteristics of MD? 5
type of tissues? secrete? cause?
can also be found whre? acquired Div
Pyloric stenosis
more common in? Inheritance?
what conditions increase chance of Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis?
what exposure increases chance?
presents when? as? peristalsis? caused by?
curative? acquried?
Hirschprung disease 1
can be seen in what pop? what plexus? hirschprung is also called? problem here? lack what plexus’? 2
what is absent? results in what to happen to segment?
gene?
if in females?
Hirschprung disease 2
Morph- diagnosis requires? 1
part always affected? most cases? severe?
proximal colon may undergo? aka? this may be a what? type of section anaylsis?
Clin features- Presents as? immediately? followed by? stool passes when?
complications? treatment? also can cause megacolon?
Esophageal obstruction
functional? 3? NDL
esophageal dysmotiity forms? ex? 1 if small? large?
mechanical obstruction? either? 2
Benign esophageal stenosis
caused by? (tissue wise) caused by?
weight loss tells us?
Esophageal mucosal webs- what pop? associated with? accompanied by? 3 2 syndromes. main symptoms 2
Esophageal rings aka? similar to? but? A vs B?
Achalasia
what is it? triad? symptoms? 3
Primary achalasia result of?
secondary? can affect what other areas?
achalasia and what virus?
treatment?
Esophagitis–
lacerations- longitudinal tears by GE junction termed? what phys as to why tear? oriented in what direction?
Transmural tearing and rupture of distal esophagus?
causes? can be confused with?
causes of hematemesis- think of some?
Chemical and infectious esophagitis
4 causes? in children?
pills if they?
iatrogenic?
healthy individual esophageal infections?
Chem/infectious esophagitis morphology
infiltrates of what?
chem can lead to?
irradiation lead to?
infection can cause? or complicate?
candida charcterized by? HSV? CMV?
Reflux esophagitis
most common cause of esophagitis? aka?
most common cause of this? mediated by what pathway? triggered by?
decrease tone or? use of? 2 others?
morphology- see what? mild? more significant? cell types? 2 tissues dowhat? which ones? elongation?
reflux esophagitis 2
clin features- age? symptoms? 3
chronic GERD attacks of?
complicatications include? 5
hernia?
Eosinophilic esophagitis
symptoms?
cardinal feature? especially?
what is not prominent here (helps rule out others)
majority of patients are what? treatment?
Esophageal varices
GI venous blood passes through what? via?
portal hypertension result in development of? where? this leads to? often see in what patients? 2nd largest cause?
morphology- veins look? where? do what without blood flow? rupture?
Esophageal varices
clin features- cirrhosis? treat bleeds how?
death? reccurence?
phrophylactic treatment?
never bled risk for bleeding?
Barrett esophagus- from chronic? characterized by?
most common pop? greatest concern? type?
morph- looks like? pattern?
length classification? increased risk of?
type of metaplastic cells?
some signs of dysplasia?
Barrett- only identified by? prompted by?
treatment?
treated as intramucosal carninoma if?
Adenocarinoma
most arise from? increased incidence fdue to?
other risk factors? 2 risk reudced by? 2
most frequent pop? 2
path- progression from barrett what happens?
mutation of? 1 downreg of? 1
can be silenced how? 2 amplification of? 5
Adenocarcinoma
morph- area of esoph? initially appears as? mass size? adjacent to tumor? produce what? form what? (cells) morphology? less frequenctly
clin- present with? 6
5-year? why?
good if?
Squamous cell carcinoma
age? gender? risk factors 10 think of most look at unique. what race?
can be due to consumption of what? (early onset)
Path- most linked to? other nutritional causes? 2
in high risk areas associated with??
amplification of what factor? overexpression of? loss of fucntion of? 3
squamous cell carninoma-
Morph- mostly seen whre? begins as what in situ? early lesions look like? grow into? can invade what?
diffentiation? symptomatic tumors are what? node by level in esophagus?
clin- presents with? 3 diet?
5 year? if lymph node metastases?
Oral
Caries- caused by? rates dropped why?
Gingivitis- inflammation of? result of? leads to?
dental plaque is what?fmixture of? 3
mineralize to form? all leads to? 4
development of?
