Patanjali Yoga Sutras

Question 1

1. Now concentration is explained.

Answer 1

Readiness of both the student and the teacher; readiness refers to both the acceptance to learn in discipline and the offer to teach with dedication and commitment.

Question 2

2. Yoga is restraining the Chitta from Vrttis.

Answer 2

To keep the collective mind (Chitta) calm and steady, resisting the reoccurring fluctuations of the whirlpool (Vrttis).

Question 3

3. At that time (of concentration) the seer (Purasa) rests in his own unmodified state.

Answer 3

The mind wanders without a mode of concentration and focus. Only when the mind is calm can we see our own nature and self.

Question 4

4. At other times (than that of concentration) the seer is identified with the modifications.

Answer 4

Times when associations and judgment from others interfere with our self-identity.

Question 5

5. The fluctuations or modifications of the mind are five-fold; some cause pain, others do not.

Answer 5

Activities of the mind are positive or negative. We should reduce ego, ignorance, attachment, hatred and selfishness. We should increase humility, care, compassion and tolerance.