Pastest/passmedicine Flashcards
Indian ink staining of CSF in a patient with AIDS- diagnosis?
Cryptoccal meningitis (cryptococcus neoformans)
Gait disturbance + confusion + urinary incontinence
Normal pressure hydrocephalus
Headache, visual disturbance occuring in an obese woman- diagnosis?
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension may be associated with what drugs?
Steroids, tetracycline
“Butteryfly” atrophy in the caudate nucleus- diagnosis?
Huntingtons disease
Deviation of the tongue to the right side, with fasciculation and atrophy of the right side of the tongue- diagnosis?
Lower motor neurone lesion of the hypoglossal (12th) nerve
Afferent and efferent limbs of the gag reflex?
Afferent is glossopharyngeal (9th nerve) and efferent is vagus (10th nerve)
Muscles of mastication are supplied by…
The mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve
Nerve branches that control lacrimation
Parasympathetic fibres in the facial nerve
Oculomotor nerve supplies which muscles in the eye?
All extrinsic except SO, LR
Levator palpebrae superioris (opens the eye)
Sphincter pupillae and ciliary muscle (parasympathetic)
Features of oculomotor nerve palsy (3)
Pupil deviated down and out
Mydriasis
Ptosis
What is the underlying cause of a relative afferent pupillary defect?
The affected eye will constrict during the consensual light reflex. However, damage to the optic nerve (e.g. optic neuritis) means that when the light is shone back into the affected eye it will appear to paradoxically dilate
Cerebellar signs in a known epileptic?
Phenytoin toxicity
Management of neuroleptic malignant syndrome? (3)
Stop drug e.g. haloperidol IV fluids (to prevent pre-renal AKI) Either: dantrolene (muscle relaxant) or bromocriptine (dopamine agonist)
In whom are triptans for acute migraine treatment contraindicated, and for what reason?
People with history of/extensive risk factors for IHD- potential for vasoconstriction leading to ischaemic symptoms
