PasTest - Obs + Gnae Flashcards
Causes of IUGR
Insufficent nutrition - placental problems / heart disease / pre-eclampsia / eclampsia
Foetal risk factors - Congenital & chromosomal abnormalities / CMV / TORCH
Maternal risk factors - Poor nutrition / Smoking / High BP / Uncontrolled BP
GnRH causes secretion of?
LH and FSH from the pituitary gland
Continuous pain before and after the first day of menstration
Endometriosis
Irregular periods, coarse dark hair
PCOS
Insulin resistance, excessive androgen production via the ovaries
Bilateral enlarged cysts in the ovaries on USS
LH high, FSH normal
Management - reduce weight and therefore insulin resistence
COP - regulate cycles & combat hairsuitism
Risk factors for ectopic pregnancy
Previous ectopic
PID
Progesterone only pill
Postmenopausal Bleeding
Endometrial Cancer
Postcoital Bleeding (spotting)
Cervical polyp and cervical cancer
(women using the COP are more prone to polyps and cervical erosion)
Fever, clots, reduced GCS, tampon use
Toxic shock syndrome
Open OS, lower abdo-pain, heavy periods
Inveitable abortion
Menorrhagia, bulky uterus
Uterine Fibroids
Light vaginal bleeding, no abdo pain, closed cervical OS
Threatened Abortion
30/52 constant abdo pain, irritable uterus, small abruption. Painful
Antepartum Haemorrhage
Late period, clots
Spontaneous Abortion
COC, intermentrual and post-coital bleeding
Cervical Ectropion
Watery vaginal discharge, tachycardia, flushed, wide-pulse pressure
Septicaemia
Collapse, hard uterus, no signs of labour
Placental Abruption
Collapse, hard uterus, no signs of labour
Placental Abruption
Women collapses during active labour
Amniotic fluid embolism
Primary postpartum haemorrhage
<24 hours after delivery
Secondary postpartum haemorrhage
>24 hours - 6 weeks. Caused by endometriosis (increased temperature, fowl discharge)
22 year old. Atifical rupture of the membranes. Heavy vaginal bleeding with associated abnormal CTG changes. Soft, non-tender uterus
Vasa Preva (foetal blood vessles run in close proximity to the external os)
16 weeks amenorrhoea. Severe N&V. Uterine size of 24 weeks. No uterine sac on USS.
Molar pregnancy
gestational trophoblastic disease. Bunch of cells that cannot form a viable pregnancy.
30 y.o. post-coital bleeding at 22 weeks gestation
Cervical ectropion
Columnar epithelium preotrudes through the external OS
18 y.o. Forcepts, 4.3kg baby 1 hour ago. Had Syntocinon. 100BPM, BP = 90/45. Uetus is palpable but feels boggy. She is lying in a pool of blood.
Uterine Atony
A long labour and use of syntocinon and a large baby predispose to poor uterine contractions and therefore contractions are poor after birth and post-partum haemorrhage occurs.
