Past year mentions

Question 1

Simvastatin

Answer 1

• Lower LDL, Higher HDL, blocks lipid/cholesterol synthesis in liver

Question 2

Ezetimibe

Answer 2

Inhibits intestinal absorption of cholesterol, less preferred than statin

Question 3

Enoxoparin

Answer 3

Low molecular weight form of HEPARIN
Prevents DVT or pulmonary embolism
Given as subcutaneous injection
Binds and accelerates antithrombin III

Question 4

Benzafibrate

Answer 4

Decrease serum triglycerides, attempts to lower LDL

Question 5

Colestyramine

Answer 5

Oral, lowers cholesterol in blood, improves itching associate with liver disease

FYI for elimination process of cholesterol: Conversion of cholesterol to bile acids in the liver and excretion into the intestines with bile

Question 6

Dapagliflozin

Answer 6

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT 2) inhibitor for diabetes

Question 7

Prednisolone

Answer 7

Steroid medication used to treat certain types of allergies, inflammatory conditions, autoimmune disorders, and cancers

Includes adrenocortical insufficiency, high blood calcium, RA, dermatitis, eye inflammation, asthma, MS

Question 8

Beclometasone

Answer 8

Steroid medication for long term management of asthma (Inhaled)
Dermatitis and psoriasis (Cream)

Question 9

Fludrocortisone

Answer 9

Steroid that decreases inflammation or treat conditions when body does not produce enough steroids > ADDISON’S DISEASE

Question 10

Budesonide

Answer 10

Corticosteroid for long term management of asthma and COPD

Question 11

Fluticasone

Answer 11

Topical anti-inflammation / inhaled for NASAL SYMPTOMS

Question 12

Combined oral contraceptives (Estrogen+Progesterone)

Answer 12

BENEFITS include decreases dysmenorrhea,decrease d premenstrual tension, decreased menorrhagia, decreased risk of ovarian cancer

Question 13

Risperidone

Answer 13

Atypical antipsychotic for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, irritability with autism

Injectable version is long acting, lasts 2 weeks approx

Question 14

Phenelzine

Answer 14

Antidepressant (Monoamine oxidase inhibitor - MAOIs)

Question 15

Diazepam

Answer 15

“Valium”.
Benzodiazepine.
Calming effect for the anxious
Treats anxiety, epilepsy, muscle spasm, and alcohol withdrawal

Question 16

GCC Says

Answer 16

Chiros can give patients info on severe effects
Advise to discuss treatment with health professional who prescribed them
How prescribed medication might affect our POM
Give OTC meds info

Question 17

metronidazole

Answer 17

Antibiotic, antiprotozoal medication

Treats pelvic inflammatory disease, endocariditis, bacterial vaginosis

Question 18

First Pass Metabolism

Answer 18

Giving drug by sublingual and buccal routes, first pass elimination takes place when a drug is metabolised between its site of administration and the site of sampling for measurement of drug concentration. The liver is usually assumed as major, but others include GI tract, blood, vascular endothelium, lungs and arm(where venous samples are taken)

Question 19

Co-codamol

Answer 19

Compound analgesic made of codeine and paracaetamol

Treats headache, muscular pain, migrains , toothache

Question 20

Fentanyl

Answer 20

Opiod for pain med / recreational drug

Question 21

Loperamide

Answer 21

“Imodium”, to decrease diarrhea frequency
Treats gastroenteritis, IBD, short bowel syndrome
X good for blood in stool conditions

Question 22

Morphine

Answer 22

Opiod family - pain medication

Question 23

COX 2 inhibitors

Answer 23

“Prostaglandin enzyme/synsthesis inhibitor?
Results in renal damage
Treats OP, RA, sports injury, colorectal polyps, menstrual cramps

Question 24

Amiodarone

Answer 24

Antiarrhythmic medication
Treats tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation etc
SE’s: Serious lung problems, worsening of irregular HR, loss of vision> corneal microdeposits, blue grey skin, thyroid disturbances

Question 25

Diltiazem, Verapamil, Amlodipine

Answer 25

Calcium channel blocker for angina, HBP, arrythmias

Question 26

DIURETICS

Answer 26

• Chlorthalidone
• Hydrochloorothiazide
• Metolazone
• Indapamide
• Torsemide
• Furosemide
• Bumetanide
• Amiloride (Potassium sparring/retention)
• Triamterene (Potassium sparring/retention)
• Spironolactone (Potassium sparring/retention)
• Eplerenone (Potassium sparring/retention)

Question 27

Ranitidline (other examples are cimetidline, nizatidine, and famotidline)

Answer 27

“Zantac” for stomach acid production treatment

Blocks action of histamine

Question 28

CHOLESTEROL

Answer 28

• Dietary saturated fatty acids = higher HDL
• higher HDL ≠ cardiovascular disease
• Higher HDL with higher physical activity
• Plasma triglycerides increase after meal with fats

HDL = antioxidant, anti-inflammatory

Question 29

Decreased GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE

Answer 29

= Oliguria
= Decrease urinary creatinine
= Increase plasma urea
= Hyperkalaemia

(Potassium most abundant intracellular cation (100-150 mmol/l)

Question 30

UNCONJUGATED BILIRUBIN

Answer 30

= circulates in plasma bound to albumin
= excreted in urine
= Increase plasma level due to haemolytic anaemia
= Main type of bilirubin measured in plasma (Not conjugated)

Question 31

ANAEMIA

Answer 31

Microcytic hypochromic = Iron deficient
Macrocytic normochromic = Vit B deficient/ Folate deficient/ Liver disease
Normocytic normochromic = chronic diseases

Haemochromocytosis = OPPOSITE, Fe2+ chronic build up