Past year mentions Flashcards
Simvastatin
- Lower LDL, Higher HDL, blocks lipid/cholesterol synthesis in liver
Ezetimibe
Inhibits intestinal absorption of cholesterol, less preferred than statin
Enoxoparin
Low molecular weight form of HEPARIN
Prevents DVT or pulmonary embolism
Given as subcutaneous injection
Binds and accelerates antithrombin III
Benzafibrate
Decrease serum triglycerides, attempts to lower LDL
Colestyramine
Oral, lowers cholesterol in blood, improves itching associate with liver disease
FYI for elimination process of cholesterol: Conversion of cholesterol to bile acids in the liver and excretion into the intestines with bile
Dapagliflozin
Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT 2) inhibitor for diabetes
Prednisolone
Steroid medication used to treat certain types of allergies, inflammatory conditions, autoimmune disorders, and cancers
Includes adrenocortical insufficiency, high blood calcium, RA, dermatitis, eye inflammation, asthma, MS
Beclometasone
Steroid medication for long term management of asthma (Inhaled)
Dermatitis and psoriasis (Cream)
Fludrocortisone
Steroid that decreases inflammation or treat conditions when body does not produce enough steroids > ADDISON’S DISEASE
Budesonide
Corticosteroid for long term management of asthma and COPD
Fluticasone
Topical anti-inflammation / inhaled for NASAL SYMPTOMS
Combined oral contraceptives (Estrogen+Progesterone)
BENEFITS include decreases dysmenorrhea,decrease d premenstrual tension, decreased menorrhagia, decreased risk of ovarian cancer
Risperidone
Atypical antipsychotic for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, irritability with autism
Injectable version is long acting, lasts 2 weeks approx
Phenelzine
Antidepressant (Monoamine oxidase inhibitor - MAOIs)
Diazepam
“Valium”.
Benzodiazepine.
Calming effect for the anxious
Treats anxiety, epilepsy, muscle spasm, and alcohol withdrawal
GCC Says
Chiros can give patients info on severe effects
Advise to discuss treatment with health professional who prescribed them
How prescribed medication might affect our POM
Give OTC meds info
metronidazole
Antibiotic, antiprotozoal medication
Treats pelvic inflammatory disease, endocariditis, bacterial vaginosis
First Pass Metabolism
Giving drug by sublingual and buccal routes, first pass elimination takes place when a drug is metabolised between its site of administration and the site of sampling for measurement of drug concentration. The liver is usually assumed as major, but others include GI tract, blood, vascular endothelium, lungs and arm(where venous samples are taken)
Co-codamol
Compound analgesic made of codeine and paracaetamol
Treats headache, muscular pain, migrains , toothache
Fentanyl
Opiod for pain med / recreational drug
Loperamide
“Imodium”, to decrease diarrhea frequency
Treats gastroenteritis, IBD, short bowel syndrome
X good for blood in stool conditions
Morphine
Opiod family - pain medication
COX 2 inhibitors
“Prostaglandin enzyme/synsthesis inhibitor?
Results in renal damage
Treats OP, RA, sports injury, colorectal polyps, menstrual cramps
Amiodarone
Antiarrhythmic medication
Treats tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation etc
SE’s: Serious lung problems, worsening of irregular HR, loss of vision> corneal microdeposits, blue grey skin, thyroid disturbances
Diltiazem, Verapamil, Amlodipine
Calcium channel blocker for angina, HBP, arrythmias
DIURETICS
- Chlorthalidone
- Hydrochloorothiazide
- Metolazone
- Indapamide
- Torsemide
- Furosemide
- Bumetanide
- Amiloride (Potassium sparring/retention)
- Triamterene (Potassium sparring/retention)
- Spironolactone (Potassium sparring/retention)
- Eplerenone (Potassium sparring/retention)
Ranitidline (other examples are cimetidline, nizatidine, and famotidline)
“Zantac” for stomach acid production treatment
Blocks action of histamine
CHOLESTEROL
- Dietary saturated fatty acids = higher HDL
- higher HDL ≠ cardiovascular disease
- Higher HDL with higher physical activity
- Plasma triglycerides increase after meal with fats
HDL = antioxidant, anti-inflammatory
Decreased GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE
= Oliguria
= Decrease urinary creatinine
= Increase plasma urea
= Hyperkalaemia
(Potassium most abundant intracellular cation (100-150 mmol/l)
UNCONJUGATED BILIRUBIN
= circulates in plasma bound to albumin
= excreted in urine
= Increase plasma level due to haemolytic anaemia
= Main type of bilirubin measured in plasma (Not conjugated)
ANAEMIA
Microcytic hypochromic = Iron deficient
Macrocytic normochromic = Vit B deficient/ Folate deficient/ Liver disease
Normocytic normochromic = chronic diseases
Haemochromocytosis = OPPOSITE, Fe2+ chronic build up
