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Pharmacology and Biochemistry > Drugs names > Flashcards

Drugs names Flashcards

1
Q
  • asone

- sonide

A 
Corticosteroids
. Beclomethasone 
. Fluticasone 
. Mometasone
. Prednisolone (h/a)
. Budesonide
. Ciclesonide

Used for:
. Asthma (“brown”)
. Cluster headaches
. Inflam. Bowel Disease (rectal/oral)

Interactions:
. Anti-epileptic drugs (CS effect decreased)

caution/care:
. Liver disease (cause fluid overload)
.

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2
Q

ceph-, cef-

A

Cephalosporin antibiotic, broad spectrum
. cefotaxime
.ceftriaxone
Similar to penicillin

Used for:
Septicaemia, pneumonia, meningitis, peritonitis, UTIs

Side effects:
Allergies (m/c)

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3
Q

cort-

A

corticosteroids

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4
Q

-cycline

A

tetracycline antibiotic
. Doxycycline

Used for:
. Acne
. gums (chlamydia)
. anti-malarial

Side effects:
. bone and teeth discolouration

Care:
. not for < 8 yo

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5
Q

-cillin

A 
beta-lactams
. penicillin
. amoxicillin
. ampicillin
. flucloxacillin
. benzylpenicillin (IV, IM)
Oral

Used for:
. Resp and Skin infections
. Incl. sepsis, meningitis, H. Pylori

Caution:
. Bacteria resistance -> clavulanic acid

Interactions:
. Contraceptive pill

Side effects:
. Allergies 10%
. Diarrhoea frequent
. Anaphylaxis 0.05%

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6
Q

-dazole

A

anaerobic and protozoal infections
. Metronidazole

action:
disrupts DNA

used for:
. leg ulcers
. bowel infections:
. H. Pylori eradication
. giardiasis

Interactions:
. Alcohol (severe)
flushing, h/a, dizziness, N/V, breathlessness, palpitations, arryhtmias

Caution:
avoid alcohol for 48 hours

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7
Q

-dipine

A

Calcium channel blockers
. amlodipine
. nifedipine
. nimodipine

Used for:
. angina (arterioles)
. hypertension

Actions:
. heart muscle (relaxes)
. heart conductive pathway (slows)
. vessels smooth muscle relaxation

Side-effects:
. hypotension
. dizziness
. bradycardia
. h/a
. oedema
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8
Q
  • eprazole

- oprazole

A 
PPIs
. Omeprazole
. Lansoprazole
. Pantoprazole
. Rabeprazole
. Esomeprazole

Action: block H+ pump of parietal cells

Used for:
. GORD
. Dyspepsia
. Ulcer disease
(prevention, treatment)

Side-effects:
generally well tolerated (better than H2RAs)
diarrhoea, skin rash, h/a

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9
Q

-fenac

A

NSAIDS
. bromfenac
. diclofenac

Used for:
. Inflammation
. Migraine
.

interactions:
. anticoagulants (inc)
. aspirin (inc)
. Lithium (toxicity)
. SSRIs (bleeding)

Avoid/Caution:
. Liver disease (reduced clotting ability)
. Kidney disease (hyperK, fluid retention)
. Hx gastric ulcer
. pregnancy (3rd trim: risk of closure of foetal ductus arteriosus)
. Elderly, when taken with SSRIs (bleeding)
=> use paracetamol
=> take with food
=> take with PPIs/H2RAs
=> test for H. Pylori if gastric ulcer

side effects:
. gastritis and gastric ulcers
. bleeding
. renal impairment (long-term use)

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10
Q

-mycin

A 
Macrolides - Antibiotic
NB! (exam) Used if allergic to penicillin
. Erythromycin
. Clarithromycin
. Azithromycin

Action: on bacterial ribosomes

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11
Q

-olol

A

Beta Blockers
(beta-adrenoreceptors antagonists)
. Atenolol (beta1)
. Propranolol (beta2)

Used for:
. angina
. MI
. Arrythmias
. HF
. HT
. Anxiety
. tremor
. migraine (pro-)

Caution:
. Asthma (may block bronchodilation)

Side effects:
Cold extremities

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12
Q

-olone

A

corticosteroids

. Prednisolone (cluster h/a)

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13
Q

-onide

A

Corticosteroids
. Budesonide
. Ciclesonide

Used for Asthma

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14
Q
  • parin-

- parin

A

anticoagulants

. heparin (hospitals)

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15
Q

-phylline

A

Bronchodilator
. Theophylline

Used for:
. COPD
. Add-on for asthma

Side effects:
. GI disturbances
. Toxocity (narrow TW)

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16
Q

-pramine

A 
Tricyclic AD (TCAs)
less tolerated than SSRIs, but similar in effectiveness
. Imipramine
. Clomipramine
(other names: -triptyline)

caution:
. toxicity, fatality
. bleeding if taken with NSAIDs (esp. elderly)
. driving (sedation)

side effects:
. drowsiness
. sedation (driving!)
. dry mouth
. palpitations
. urine retention/oedema
. agitation
...
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17
Q

pred-

-pred-

A

corticosteroids
. prednisone
. prednisolone (cluster h/a)

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18
Q

-pril

A 
ACE inhibitors
. ramipril
. Captopril 
. Enalapril 
. Lisinopril

Used for:
. peripheral oedema (HF)
. HT (1st line < 55 yo)

side effects:
. COUGH
(ARBs: no cough)
. hypotension
. dizziness
. hyperK+ (muscle weakness, arrythmias)
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19
Q

-profen

A

NSAIDs
. ibuprofen
. flubiprofen

Caution:
. pregnancy (3rd trim)
. elderly if taking SSRIs or TCAs (bleeding)
. anticoagulants (inc)
. Hx of gastric ulcer or GIT bleeding
. Lithium (toxicity)
. Liver and Kidney disease
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20
Q

-semide

A

Loop diuretics/Water pills
(stronger diuretics)
. Frusemide

Used for:
. Oedema (HF)
. HT

Side effects
. urinary incontinence, urgency, frequency
. erection dysfunction (males)

Caution:
. HypoK+ (spasms, agitation, tremor) => avoid non-K sparing diuretics

Interactions:
. Digoxin (toxicity)

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21
Q

-setron

A

Antiemetic
(5-HT3 R antagonists)
. Ondansetron

Used for:
. nausea, vomiting

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22
Q

-statin

A

Cholesterol control

Interactions:
. grapefruit juice and simvastatin (inc)
. verapimil for HT and simvastatin
. St John’s wort

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23
Q

-terol

A

beta2-adrenogernic agonists - LABAs (Bronchodilation)
Inhalers
. fenoterol

Action:
. Sympathetic facilitation in bronchii

Used for:
. Acute asthma attacks
. Rev COPD symptoms

Side effects:
. hypoK+ (tremor, spasms, agitation)

Interactions: uncommon because inhaled
. tachycardia (HT, HF)
. vasodilation (Hypotension)
. hyperglycaemia (DM)
. tremor
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24
Q

-azide

A

thiazide diuretics/water pills
. bendrofluazide

Used for:
. HF
. Oedema

Side effects:
. Gout
(increases uric acid)
. urinary incontinence, urgency, frequency
. erection dysfunction (males)

Caution:
. HypoK+ (spasms, agitation, tremor) => avoid non-K sparing diuretics

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25
Q

-triptan

A

Serotonin agaonists
. sumatriptan
(oral, nasal, subcutaneous)

Used for:
. migraines

Side effects:
. neurological symptoms
. serotonin syndrome (overdose)

interactions:
. SSRIs (inc.)
. St JW (inc.)

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26
Q

-tyline

A

TCAs: Tricyclic ADs
. Amitriptyline
. Nortriptyline

(other TCAs: -amine)

Action:
Noradrenaline and Serotonin

Used for:
. Severe depression (insomnia, agitation)
. Neurogenic pain (low doses)
. Migraine (prevention)

Interactions:
. Lithium (toxic)
. St JW (inc.)

Side effects:
. drowsiness
. sedation
. dry mouth
. nausea
. dizziness
. reduced libido
. urine retention/oedema
. postural hypotension
. mydriasis (small pupils)
. tacchyarrythmias
Caution/CI:
. seizures
. other antidepressants (inc. effect: serotonin syndrome etc)
. NSAIDs use and bleeding (esp. elderly)
. NTW - toxicity, fatality
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27
Q

St John’s wort

A

Herbal antidepressant

Used for:
. mild depression

Not recommended by NICE due to lack of data on:
. dosage
. preparations
. potential serious interactions
(inc. metabolism of drugs in lever -> dec. effect of drugs)

Interactions:
. other antidepressants, esp. SSRIs and Triptans
. oral contraceptives (dec -> unwanted pregnancy)
. anticoagulants (dec -> clotting/VTE/PE)
. anticonvulsants (dec -> seizures)
. statins (dec)

side effects:
. usually well tolerated
. V/N, allergic reactions, Fatigue, Dizziness, dry mouth, photophobia

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28
Q

vir-

-vir

A

Anti-viral
. ritonavir (HIV)
. Acyclovir (HSV, VZV)

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29
Q
  • zepam

- zolam

A 
Benzodiazepines (muscle relaxants)
. Diazepam
. Lorazepam
. Nitrazepam
. Temazepam
. Midazolam

Used for:
. anxiety
. sedation (insomnia)

Interactions - with many drugs
. Opioids - dangerous deep sedation, toxic
. Alcohol and other sedatives: toxic
. Other drugs that depress the CNS and AntiDepressants
. Herbal/Natural: Kava, Grapefruit (juice), SJW
. Liver enzyme inhibiting drugs: some AB, Antiviral (HIV), antifungal

Side effects:
. drowsiness, poor concentration (driving!)

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30
Q

Sodium Valproate

A 
Antiepileptic
(other:)
Lamotrigine
Carbamazepine
Ethosuximide
Phenytoin
Interactions: other antiepileptic drugs (toxocity)
. alcohol
. warfarin (decr)
. corticosteroids (decr)
. oral contraceptives (decr.)
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31
Q

Lamotrigine

A 
Antiepileptic
(other:)
Sodium Valproate
Carbamazepine
Ethosuximide
Phenytoin
Interactions: other antiepileptic drugs (toxocity)
. alcohol
. warfarin (decr)
. corticosteroids (decr)
. oral contraceptives (decr.)
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32
Q

Carbamazepine

A 
Antiepileptic
(other:)
Sodium Valproate
Lamotrigine
Ethosuximide
Phenytoin
Interactions: other antiepileptic drugs (toxocity)
. alcohol
. warfarin (decr)
. corticosteroids (decr)
. oral contraceptives (decr.)
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33
Q

Phenytoin

A 
Antiepileptic
(other:)
Sodium Valproate
Lamotrigine
Ethosuximide
Carbamazepine
Interactions: other antiepileptic drugs (toxocity)
. alcohol
. warfarin (decr)
. corticosteroids (decr)
. oral contraceptives (decr.)
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34
Q

Metoclopramide

A

antiemetics
DOP2 receptor antigonist
migraine
other: Domperidone

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35
Q

Domperidone

A

antiemetics

migraine

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36
Q

sumatriptan

A

migraine
(serotonin agonist)

Interactions:
SSRIs, SJW
(serotonin syndrome)

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37
Q

atenolol

A 
beta-blockers
(beta1 specific)
(other: propranolol)
. angina
. MI
. arrythmias
. HF
. HT
Also:
. migraine (prophylaxis)
. tremor
anxiety

CI - Asthma

side effects:
cold extremities
hypotension…

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38
Q

Propranolol

A 
beta-blockers
(beta1 specific)
(other: atenolol - beta1 specific)
. angina
. MI
. arrythmias
. HF
. HT
Also:
. migraine (prophylaxis)
. tremor
anxiety

CI - Asthma

side effects:
cold extremities
hypotension..

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39
Q

Digoxin

A 
Na/K pump inhibitor
Strengthens myocardium contraction
Increase refractory period
Slows AV conduction
. atrial fibrillations
. HF

Caution:
NTW - toxicity, renal failure

Side effects:
arrythmias
dizziness
yellow vision (xanthopsia)
blurred vision
GI disturbances
40
Q

Amiloride

A

Non-K sparing diuretic

side effects: hypoK
. arrythmias
. muscle weakness
. erection dysfunction

41
Q

Spironolactone

A

Non-K sparing diuretic
. HF
. oedema

side effects: hypoK
. arrythmias
. muscle weakness
. erection dysfunction
. urinary disturbances
42
Q

Bendrofluazide

A

Thiazide diuretic
. HF
. oedema

side effects:
. Gout
. hypoK
. erection dysfunction
. urinary disturbances
43
Q

frusemide

A

Loop diuretic
(stronger)

side effects:
. hypoK
. erection dysfunction
. urinary disturbances

44
Q

Antacids

A

alkalis (weak)
GORD, dyspepsia (early) - gastritis symptom relief only

side effects:
belching (burping)

45
Q

Ranitidine

A 
Histamine 2 receptor antagonists (H2 blocker)
 Also:
. Cimetidine
. Famotidine
. Nizatidine

Used for:
. GORD
. Dyspepsia
. Ulcer disease

generally well tolerated
side effects:
. diarrhoea, dizziness, headache

46
Q

Cimetidine

A 
Histamine 2 receptor antagonists (H2 blocker)
 Also:
. Ranitidine
. Famotidine
. Nizatidine

Used for:
. GORD
. Dyspepsia
. Ulcer disease

generally well tolerated
side effects:
. diarrhoea, dizziness, headache

47
Q

Famotidine

A 
Histamine 2 receptor antagonists (H2 blocker)
 Also:
. Ranitidine
. Cimetidine
. Nizatidine

Used for:
. GORD
. Dyspepsia
. Ulcer disease

generally well tolerated
side effects:
. diarrhoea, dizziness, headache

48
Q

Nizatidine

A 
Histamine 2 receptor antagonists (H2 blocker)
 Also:
. Ranitidine
. Famotidine
. Cimetidine

Used for:
. GORD
. Dyspepsia
. Ulcer disease

generally well tolerated
side effects:
. diarrhoea, dizziness, headache

49
Q

Omeprazole

A

PPIs
. GORD
. Dyspepsia
. Ulcer disease

Also:
. Lansoprazole
. Pantoprazole
. Rabeprazole
. Esomeprazole

generally well tolerated
side effects:
. diarrhoea, skin rash, headache

50
Q

Lansoprazole
Pantoprazole
Rabeprazole

A

PPIs
. GORD
. Dyspepsia
. Ulcer disease

Also:
. Omeprazole
. Esomeprazole

generally well tolerated
side effects:
. diarrhoea, skin rash, headache

51
Q

Esomeprazole

A

PPIs
. GORD
. Dyspepsia
. Ulcer disease

Also:
. Omeprazole
. Lansoprazole
. Pantoprazole
. Rabeprazole

generally well tolerated
side effects:
. diarrhoea, skin rash, headache

52
Q

Cyclizine

A

Hitamine 1 Receptor antagonists (H1RA)
Antiemetic

used for motion sickness (nausea)

side effects: drowsiness

53
Q

Domperidone

A

Dopamine 2 Receptor antagonists (D2RA)
Antiemetic

used for nausea/vomiting

side effects: dystonia

54
Q

Metoclopramide

A

Dopamine 2 Receptor antagonists (D2RA)
Antiemetic

used for nausea/vomiting
+ morning sickness in pregnancy

55
Q

Ondansetron

A

Serotonin 5HT3 RA

Antiemetic

56
Q

Isotonic solutions NaCl + glucose/starch

A

Rehydration

57
Q

Loperamide

A

anti-motility agent
(opiate)

used for diarrhoea

side effects:
nausea, drowsiness

58
Q

Lactulose

A

Osmotic laxative (laxative - softener)

side effects:
abd cramps
rotten teeth
weight gain

59
Q

Docusate

A

Stool softener (laxative - softener)

Decrease surface tension
Inc penetration of fluid into faeces

60
Q

Glycerol suppositories

A

Stool softener (laxative - softener)

Decrease surface tension
Inc penetration of fluid into faeces

61
Q

Senna

A

Stimulant laxative
(increase motility)

side effects:
abd cramps

62
Q

Bisacodyl

A

Stimulant laxative
(increase motility)

side effects:
abd cramps

63
Q

Mesalazine

A 
An aminosalicylate (AID)
. Used for Iinflammatory Bowel Diseases
(Crohn's, UC)
. For acute attacks and to maintain remission in UC (and some types of Crohn's)
. Reduce needs for steroid in remission
64
Q

. Ciclosporin

. Azathioprine

A

Immunosupressants
. Used for Iinflammatory Bowel Diseases
(Crohn’s, UC)
. Main adverse effects: Bone Marrow Suppresion (causing risks of infection, anaemia, thrombocytopenia/bleeding etc)

65
Q

Oral anti-diabetic drugs

A

for type II - needs functioning pancreatic beta cells to produce Insulin
(These are not insulin drugs!)

66
Q

Insulin

A

. Not oral (gets broken down in GIT)
. Self-admin subcutaneous Injections (most), IV (very serious cases)
. Aim: mimic normal insulin secretion
peaks at meal times, and slow release in between
=> needs to combine both actions
. Short acting (Human Atracipid, Humulin S)
. Intermediate acting (Human Insulatard, Humulin I)
. Long acting (no names)

Adverse effects
. Hypoglycaemia
. Weight gain (problematic for type II)
. Lipodystrophy at injection sites

67
Q

. Human Atracipid

. Humulin S

A

Insulin (short acting) for Diabetes
Injection, IV

Adverse effects
. Hypoglycaemia
. Weight gain (problematic for type II)
. Lipodystrophy at injection sites

68
Q

. Human Insulatard

. Humulin I

A

Insulin (intermediate acting) for Diabetes
Injection, IV

Adverse effects
. Hypoglycaemia
. Weight gain (problematic for type II)
. Lipodystrophy at injection sites

69
Q

Metformin

A 
Biguanide family (oral antidiabetic drug)
. needs insulin presence (i.e. functioning beta cells) 
. drug of choice b/c of weight loss and fewer hypo- events (e.g. hypoglycaemia - extremely rare with this drug)

most side effects:
. GIT disturbance (e.g. nausea)
. Lactic acidosis (esp. if renal impairment)

Contra-indications:
. Renal impairment, even minor

70
Q

Glicalazide (main one)
Glimepiride
Glipizide
Tolbutamine

A

Sulphonylureas family
Oral antidiabetic drug
. needs unctioning beta cells (early diabetes)

Side effects:
. hypoglycaemia
. weight gain due to stimulation of appetite
. GI disturbances
. Skin rashes
. rarely: bone marrow damage

Interactions:
. Inc. hypoglycaemic effect with alcohol, other drugs esp. other antidiabetics and antibiotics, antifungals
. Also with Okra

71
Q

Pioglitazone

A

Glitazones family
Oral antidiabetic
slow onset action

side effects:
. weight gain
. bone fracture
. inc. risk of HF and bladder cancer (esp. elderly)

72
Q 
Sitagliptin
Saxagliptin
Vildagliptin
Linagliptin
Alogliptin
A

Gliptins family
Oral antidiabetic

side effects:
. GIT upset - common
. Less hypoglycaemia than sulphanylureas
. rashes
. risk of certain infections
. liver disease
. back pain
. arthralgia
73
Q

Acarbose

A

Oral antidiabetic
delays digestion and absorption of starch, sucrose
used alone or in combination with other AD drugs (e.g. metformin)

side effects:
. GIT disturbances

74
Q

NSAIDs

A

. Effects: anti-inflammatory, analgaesic, antipyretic
. not addictive, euphoric, hypnotic
. side effects: GIT mostly (gastritis, peptic ulcer)
. COX inhibitors (1 and 2)
. Single dose: equal effect to paracetamol <= preferred
. Regular full dose: lasting analgaesic+anti-inflammatory effects => part. useful for persistent pain ass. w/ inflammation
. OA: paracetamol 1st line
. Inflammatory arthritides (RA etc): NSAIDs

75
Q

Ibuprofen
Naproxen
Diclofenac
Aspirin

A

Non-selective COX inhibitors (i.e. both 1 and 2)
‘Constitutive’ - almost all cells; housekeeping role
. responsible for side effects (GIT, bruising/bleeding mainly)
=> GIT: mitigated with PPIs
. tend to increase risk of bleeding
. caution when taken with anticoagulants

NB: Diclofenac inc. thrombotic risk due to similar profile to COX-2 inhibitors

NB: naproxen: less thrombotic risks; Ibuprofen: current evidence suggests no increased thrombotic risk

NB: Aspirin - also used in low dose to reduce CVD risk (b/c reduces clotting) - should not be prescribed with other NSAIDs - DO NOT USE IN CHILDREN (risk of Reye’s syndrome - hepatic encephalopathy post-viral infection)

76
Q

Celecoxib
Etoricoxib
Parecoxib

A

Selective COX-2 Inhibitors (Coxibs family)
‘Inducive’ - Only inflammatory cells
Anti-inflammatory effect
. little side effects, effective pain relief
. Inc. risk of Thrombosis and MI (5x) - C.I. if CVD

77
Q

Paracetamol

A

Pain relief & antipyretic (NB: little anti-inflammatory effect) - recent study shows it is a selective Cox-2 Inhibitor

Side effects: very few, very rare
(malaise, rashes - Steven Johnson Syndrome, blood disorders, hypotension, flushing, tachycardia)

Acute poisoning: nausea, vomiting, liver failure (antidote available)

78
Q

Glucocorticoids

A

Used for:
Addison’s disease (adrenals replacement therapy)
Anti-inflammatory, Immunosuppressive therapy
(asthma, topical skin/ear/eyes/nose, hypersensitivity and allergic reactions, AI disorders (RA, IBD etc))
Neoplastic disease (leukaemias, lymphomas)

Side effects:
. Cushing’s syndrome
incl. osteoporosis, diabetes/hyperglycaemia, oedema, bruising and petechiae

Withdrawal: should be done progressively
. risk of Addisonian crisis - acute adrenal insufficiency (severe illness -> very low blood pressure and coma)
this is b/c negative feedback from synthetic steroids cause adrenal atrophy - so if stopped suddenly, not enough steroids to keep blood pressure up.

79
Q

prednisolone

A

Oral, Paraenteral
Glucosteroid
. used more commonly for long term disease suppression

80
Q

Hydrocortisone

A

Oral, Paraenteral or Topical

81
Q

Betamethasone

Dexamethasone

A

Glucocorticoids
Betamethasone - topical (betnovate)
Dexamethasone - oral
Both have low salt retention properties

82
Q

Beclometasone

Budesonide

A

Inhalers, for Asthma

83
Q

Allopurinol

A

NSAID for Gout

Inhibits crystallisation within joints

84
Q

Probenecid

A

NSAID for Gout

Promotes uric acid excretion by the kidney

85
Q

Methotrexate

A

anti-rheumatoid drug
(immune suppressant, or DMARD)
can be used for all types of inflammatory arthritides

86
Q

hydroxychloroquine

A

anti-rheumatoid drug
anti-malarial drug
allow reducing NSAIDS and steroids

87
Q

sulphasalzine

A

anti-rheumatoid drug

allow reducing NSAIDS and steroids

88
Q

Gold salts

A

anti-rheumatoid drug

allow reducing NSAIDS and steroids

89
Q

penicillamine

A

anti-rheumatoid drug

allow reducing NSAIDS and steroids

90
Q

Morphine (natural)

A

Natural Opioids
Pain relief
Oral, Injection, Intrathecal

Side effects:
. respiratory depression
. pupil constriction
. Euphoria
. Physical dependence
. Sedation
91
Q

Diamorphine

Codeine

A

semi-synthetic Opioids
Pain relief
Oral, Injection, Intrathecal

Side effects:
. respiratory depression
. pupil constriction
. Euphoria
. Physical dependence
. Sedation
92
Q

Pethidine
Tramadol
Fentanyl

A

Synthetic Opioids
Pain relief
Oral, Injection, Intrathecal
NB: childbirth: pethidine, due to fast action

Side effects:
. respiratory depression
. pupil constriction
. Euphoria
. Physical dependence
. Sedation
93
Q

Alendronic acid
Ibandronic acid
Risedronate sodium

A

Biphosphonates family - Osteoporosis
(Action: Bind to bone and inhibit osteoclast activity)
(Remain bound to bones for months/years)
Indications: treat and prevent osteoporosis
.99.9%: oral
. IV if too severe

. Poor bioavailability
. Absorption reduced by calcium salts -> need to be taken on empty stomach first thing in morning with water, then sit/stand for 30 min to avoid GORD/Ulceration.

side effects:
. hypocalcaemia
. abnormalities of oesophagus, delayed emptying
. atypical femoral fractures

Guidance (wales):
. 1st line: alendronate
. 2nd line: risedronate if atedronate not tolerated
. Specialist referral if none above is tolerated/C.I.
. Review fracture risk after 5 years

Serious adverse effects (symptoms to look out for):
. Atypical femoral fracture (main S&S: pain)
. Osteonecrosis of jaw (oral problems)
. Osteonecrosis of EOM (ear pain, discharge or infection)

94
Q

Calcium salts

A

Prevention / Treatment of osteoporosis
Combine with Vit D
For when diet/sunlight are not sufficient
NB: inc. of dietary Calcium has no impact on dec fracture risk

95
Q

Colecalciferol

A

Vitamin D compound, for bone health
Facilitates GI absorption of Ca and phosphate
Promotes calcium mobilisation from bone
Increases Calcium reabsorption in renal tubules

Main adverse effect: hypercalcaemia (risk of cardiac arrythmias?) - requires monitoring.

96
Q

Atorvastatin
Rosuvastatin
Simvastatin (higher risk of side effects)

A

Statins
. Drugs of choice to decrease cholesterol levels
. Prevent CVD and reduce associated mortality
. ‘High intensity Statins’ - Reduce circulating LDL by 40% without increasing adverse effects (except Simvastatin)

Prescription: dosage according to risk and history of CVD: higher doses if history of MI - aim: 40% reduction in LDL

Interactions:
. Grapefruit (dec. statin effect)
. other drugs

Classic side effects and caution:
. Myalgia, muscle cramps, Rhabdomyolosis (muscle wasting - increased CK in urine/blood - can be lethal)
. worsened if taken along other classes of lipid lowering drugs
=> CK levels must be measured before prescribing statins, if history of generalised or unexplained myalgia
=> If muscular symptoms: measure CK
. NB: Rhabdomyolysis and Myositis ass. w. statins are rare, cause statin-associated myalgia, and most likely to occur within first 3 months of treatment.

Other common side effects:
. H/a
. GIT disturbance
. Non-cardiac chest pain

97
Q

Fibrates

A 
Fibrates 
. when statins not tolerated
. to reduce cholesterol
. less effective than statins in reducing LDL levels
(memo: FABSTAT)

Pharmacology and Biochemistry (10 decks)

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