Past Question 1 Flashcards
Which diagnostic methods are used to detect the presence of trypanosomes in dried blood smears?
Giemsa staining.
what is found in giardiasis?
Trypomastigotes, Promastigotes, Oocytes
Others.
What is the main difference for detection of intestinal Trichomonas/ Giardia infection?
Giardia turn to cyst, Trichomonas ø.
What is an adequate method to detect Giardia cysts in fresh feces?
Flotation.
Which forms of Trichomonas can be found in outer environment?
( Cyst, Flagellated, Ameboid).
ø any forms.
Which is the non- cyclic Trypanosoma sp. among the next ones?
T. evansi.
Which morphological form of Leishmania can be found in vertebrate?
Amastigote.
What are the morphs of Leishmanias that appear in macrophages?
Amastigotes.
Which sp. are susceptible for the disease of “ mal de caderas”?
Eq + Donkey.
What is Trypanosoma that infects host without vectors?
T. equiperdum.
How many flagellums does a Giardia trophozoite have?
8.
Which method of staining can be applied to detect Histomonas in tissues?
PAS.
Which has the largest among the causative agents of Nagana?
T. brucei brucei.
What is the most frequent cause of death in Nagana?
Heart failure.
Which sp. does the causative agent of dourine belong to?
T. equiperdum.
Name of parasite found in closely related sp.
Stenoxenous.
Which has cutaneous + visceral forms?
Leishmaniasis.
Animal obligatory for the completion of life cycle?
Definitive host.
Parasite of cycle involves 1 sp.
Monoxenous.
Which does ø cause nagana?
T. equiperdum.
Which cysts can be found in faeces of animal?
Giardiasis.
Which is monomorphic?
T. vivax.
How do the clinical signs of Dourine follow each other?
Genital, skin, n.
Which host is ø needed to complete life cycle?
Paratenic host.
Which animal sp. have general form of histomonosis?
Guinea fowl.
What is the name of Trichomoniasis sp. found in cattle?
Tritrichomonas foetus.
Parasite can only be established in 1 host:
Stenoxenous.
Which is ø zoonotic?
Histomonosis.
Flagellate form can be found in caecal lumen?
Histomonosis.
In which faecal sample can you find cysts?
Giardiasis.
What can you find in the blood smear of Dourine?
Trypomastigotes.
Which of these parasites can infect more than 1 host?
Euryxenous.
Which sp. is found in old/ new world America?
T. vivax.
What is the vector of Leishamaniasis?
Sandfly.
What is the vector of Nagana?
Tsetse fly.
What is the number of nuclei in infected cysts, of entamoebosis?
4.
What can be detected in Leishmaniasis?
Amastigotes.
Which form of Histomonas is found in caecum?
Flagellate.
Which Trypanosoma needs a mechanical vector?
T. evansi.
Which parasite sp. causes Black head?
Histomonas meleagridis.
Which is the clinical form of Leishmaniasis in dogs?
Cutaneous form.
How do you detect Leishmaniasis?
Smear with Giemsa staining, detection of Amastigotes.
Which test can you use to detect Dourine?
Complement fixation test x2 with 3- week interval.
Cellular organelle of Leishmaniasis consists of?
Nucleus, Kinetoplast, Axoneme, or basal body.
Which sp. is 1ºly affected by Histomonas meleagridis?
3- 12 week old Turkeys.
Which parasites are pleomorphic?
T. brucei, Histomonas meleagridis.
What can we detect in Giardiasis?
- Trophozoites ( vegetative form) in faecal smear.
- Cysts ( infectious form) in faecal smear.
Which cells carry Leishmaniasis?
Macrophages.
Which Trypanosome is ø involved in Nagana?
T. cruzei, T. evansi.
Which cellular organelle is present in Trypanosoma?
Kinetoplast.
Which parasite release cysts into faeces of animals?
Giardia duodenalis.
What is the mechanical vector of Nagana?
Stomoxys + Tabanu.
Where does merozoite develop?
Inside Schizont.
How many cells can be infected by a merozoite of Eimera?
1.
How many gamonts can develop from 1 Schizont?
Many.
How many epithelial cells can be infected by content of 1 Schizont of Eimera?
Many.
How can we recognise chicken coccidia by sp. in the simplest way?
Based on necropsy findings.
In order to identify the sp. of a sporulated oocyte, what of the following is needed?
Size of oocyte.
What does the unsporulated oocyst contain?
Zygote.
What does the sporulated oocysts contain?
Sporocysts.
Where does the sporozoite develop?
In the oocyst.
Where does the sporogony of Eimera maxima take place?
In outer environment.
Which animal sp. can be infected by Eimera acervulina?
Chickens.
Where does the sporogony of Eimera acervulina take place?
In outer environment.
Where do Eimera acervulina gamonts develop?
Duodenum + Jejunum.
What can we observe on surface of mucosa in case of E. necatrix infection?
Unclotted blood.
Where does the sporogony of Eimera brunetti takes place?
In outer environment.
Where do Eimera brunetti schizonts develop?
Lower part of intestine.
Where do the Eimera tenella schizonts develop?
Caecum.
Which symptom does ø appear in case of renal coccidiosis?
Bloody faeces.
Where is the E. Truncata 1ºly located?
Renal tubules.
E. labbeanna occurs in?
Pigeon small intestine.
What does the sporulated oocyst of coccidiosis contain?
4 sporocysts + 2 sporozoites.
How many epithelial cells can become infected by 1 E. oocyst at the beginning of infection?
8 cells.
How many epithelial cells can be infected by the content of 1 E. sporocyst?
2.
How many macrogametes can develop from 1 macrogamont?
1.
The correct order in life cycle of E.?
Sporongy, Schizogeny, Gametogony, Sporogony.
Which sp. of E. are haemorrhagic?
E. Tenella, E. Necatrix, E. Brunetti.
Which sp. of E. are ø haemorrhagic?
E.maxima, E. acervulina, E. mitis, E. praecox.
Which 3 sp. are ø characterized by blood in intestines?
E. acervulina, E.mitis, E. praecox.
Which method do you ø use to identify the sp. in chicken coccidosis?
Mc Master method.
Time lapse from infection of host to appearence of parasite sexual product in faeces is called
PP.
During gametogony when the merozoites develop into female gametocytes they are called
Macrogametocytes.
Which animal sp. can be infected by E. maxima?
Chicken.
What do you find on mucosa during an infection with E. maxima?
Petechiae.
Which statement is true:
E. maxima has a 30x 20 µm oocyst that is characteristic.
Size of oocyte can be used as identification for which of these sp.?
E. maxima or ‘ other’.
Which has slightly orange/ salmon pink exudate in lumen?
E. maxima.
Where does the schizogony of E. acervulina take place?
In epithel of duodenum + jejunum.
Which one has discrete white foci/ transverse bands which are ladder- like?
E. acervulina.
Where do Schizonts of E. necatrix develop?
In jejunum + Ileum.
Animals infected by E. brunetti?
Chickens.
What is ø true?
E. brunetti is found in duodenum.
Which animal sp. can be infected by E. tenella?
Chicken.
Where do Schizonts of E. mitis develop?
In jejunum.
In goose what sp. of E. affects kidneys?
E. truncata.
Which of the following is a symptom of E. truncata?
Torticollis.
Which is the most usual form of biliary coccidiosis in rabbit?
Symptomless.
What organ is affected by Bo coccidiosis?
Large intestines.
What size is the oocyst of Isospora suis?
About 20 µm.
How can we increase the sensitivity of detection of I. suis oocyst in microscope?
With autofluorescence.
Where are the pathologic lesions that occur in case of I. suis infection?
In caecum + ileum.
What does the hepatic lesions contains in case of E. infection?
Gamonts + oocysts.
Which are the largest among the following ones?
I. felis.
What is the worst consequence of Sus coccidiosis?
Dehydration.
Diarrhoea caused by coccidiosis last for.. in puppy?
1- 2 weeks.
Diarrhoea caused by coccidiosis last for… in kittens?
1- 2 days.
Which sp. can infect cats?
I. rivolta.
Which sp. can infect dog?
I. canis.
What symptom is ø caused by I. felis in cat?
Miocarditis.
What symptom is ø caused by I. canis in dog?
Miocarditis.
What symptom is caused by E. stiedai in rabbit?
Cholangitis.
What symptom is caused by I. suis in young Sus?
Diarrhoea.
Which sp. has the biggest oocyst in dogs?
I. canis.
What age of cattle is the most susceptible for E. infection?
2- 5 months.
Which sp. affects the large intestines in rabbit?
E. flavescens.
From what sp. do we ø need to distinguish Isospora felis oocyst samples?
I. ohioensis.
Which sp. has pinhead- sized nodules in ileum?
E. magna.
Who is infected by E. stiedai?
Other, Rabbit.
Which sp. affects cattle?
E. zuernii.
What does a sporulated oocyst of E. stiedai contain?
Sporocyst.
What sp. of E. can appear as a merozoite in bloody faeces?
E. zuernii.
What kind of extra- intestinal symptoms can occur during E. infection in calves?
CNS signs.
In which sp. can you find E. intestinalis?
Rabbit.
What can you find in fresh faeces?
Unsporulated oocysts.
Coccidiosis infects Sus at what age?
8 - 15 days.
What is affected in coccidiosis of Car?
Small intestine.
What does the sporulated oocyst of E. steidai contain?
4 sporocysts each containing 2 sporozoites.
How many macrogametes develop from 1 µgamont?
21- 30.
How do you detect of E. zuernii in faeces?
Flotation test.
Sp. of E. found in the large intestine of rabbit?
E. piriformis + E. flavescens.
What is an unsporulated oocyst with regards to E.?
Zygote.
Which are the small intestine E. sp. in rabbit?
E. intestinalis, E. magna, E. irresidua.
How do we detect an unsporulated E. oocyst?
Flotation method.
What do we see clinically when a rabbit has E. steidai?
Subclinical infection.
What form of oocysts can be found in fresh faeces on course of E. steidai infection?
Unsporulated.
What form of E. zuernii might appear sometimes in mucous faeces of calves?
Schizonts/ merozoites.
At what age are rabbits most susceptible for intestinal E. infection?
1- 2 months.
Where does the sporogony E. zuernii take place?
In ext environment.
Where do calves usually get heavy infection with Coccidiosis?
In feed lots + yards.
Which methods is used for counting oocysts in faeces during an E. infection?
Mc Master method.
What is found in faeces of animals infected by E.?
Sporulated oocysts.
What is unsporulated?
Zygote.
What is the size of a Cryptosporidium oocyst?
5- 8 microns.
How can we characterize the host specificity of Cryptosporidia baileyi?
Euryxenous.
What organ is never involved into C. baileyi infection of poultry?
Liver.
Which organ is ø involved during a C. Baileyi infection of poultry?
Brain.
How do we detect usually the oocysts of Cryptosporidia in faeces?
With flotation.
Which animal sp. can be infected by Toxoplasma gondii?
Many mammals + birds.
How many sporocysts do Toxoplasma oocysts have?
2.
What kind of pathological signs can we see on the surface of placenta of aborted foetus by consequence of Toxoplasma infection?
Necrotic spots.
What method is ø applicable to detect Ab against Toxoplasma infection?
Polymerase chain reaction.
Which sp. of host of Toxoplasma do ø abort their foetus during infection?
Cat.
What is the size of Toxoplasma cyst that contains tachyzoites?
20 - 100 microns.
What is the sign that does ø appear in chronic form of Besnoitiosis of cattle?
Itching.
What type of Sarcocystis oocyst can be found in fresh faeces?
Sporulated form with 2 sporocysts.
What is the usual consequence of Sarcocystis in final host animals?
ø clinical signs.
What can we usually detect in faeces during Sarcocystiosis in definite host?
Sporocysts.
What is the most frequent clinical form of Sarcocystiosis of dog?
Subclinical.
What animals are susceptible for Besnoitia besnoiti?
more ssp of Ru.
Which is the method used to detect Cryptosporidium?
Kinyoun staining.
What method is ø used to detect Toxoplasma tachyzoites during infection?
IFAT staining.
Which genus has sporulated oocysts with 4 free sporozoites?
Cryptosporidium.
Which genus has sporulated oocysts without sporocysts?
Cryptosporidium.
What are the characteristics of Cryptosporidium meleagridis oocysts?
5 µm, spherical.
Which form is ø characteristic of avian Cryptosporidiosis?
Hepatic form.
Host range of Cryptosporidiosis?
Euryxenous.
Host range of Cryptosporidium baileyi?
Anseriform.
Which sp. of Cryptosporidium occurs in birds?
C. baileyi.
Where is Cryptospordiium mainly found?
Small intestine/ abomasum.
Which bird sp. are susceptible for C. baileyi infection?
Many sp.
What is the causative agent of Cryptosporidiosis in mammals?
C. muris.
Which parasite are homoxenous but ø host specific?
Cryptosporidium parvum.
What are the clinical signs for C. baileyi?
Dyspnoea + diarrhoea.
What are the characteristics of Cryptosporidium baileyi oocysts?
6- 7 µm, oval.
What form of Cryptosporidium can be found in fresh faeces?
Oocysts containing 4 sporozoites.
Which form of Cryptosporidiosis has the most severe outcome in broilers?
Respiratory.
In which location will Cryptosporidium baileyi ø establish?
Stomach.
Which is ø true?
Toxoplasma oocysts are 5- 8 µm.
Host range of Toxoplasmosis?
Cats, dogs, birds + humans + other mammals.
How can we characterize the life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii?
Facultative heteroxenous.
In which animal can we find Toxoplasma oocysts in faeces?
Cats.
What kind of host is the cat in Toxoplasma gondii?
Final/ Definitive Host.
For how long does a cat pass Toxoplasma occysts in faeces?
1- 2 weeks.
Which animals shed oocysts in Toxoplasmosis?
All sp. of cats as definitive/ final host.
What can be found in sporulated oocysts of Toxoplasmosis?
2 sporocysts each containing 4 sporozoites.
What is the patency period for Toxoplasmosis?
20 days.
Oocyst of Toxoplasma gondii is indistinguishable from that of?
Hammondia hammondi.
What is the size of Toxoplasma gondii cyst?
20 - 100 µm.
In which sp. does T. gondii cause necrotic foci + granuloma in liver, spleen, lungs, brain?
Rabbit.
Which clinical sign can be seen in dogs infected by Toxoplasma?
CNS symptoms.
What method is ø used to detect Toxoplasma tachyzoites during infection?
Sabin- Feldman dye test.
Besnoitia besnoiti sp. are?
Obligatory heteroxenous.
Which statement is ø true for Besnoitia besnoiti?
- It’s important intermediate host is cat.
- It can be transmitted by vectors, the cyst is visible to naked eye, develops in endothel.
What type of host of Sarcocystiosis can give the intestinal form of infection?
Final hosts- dog, cat, wild Car + man.
What is the Sarcocystiosis sp. of cattle among these following ones?
S. hirsuta.
What is the Sacrocystiosis sp. of sheep among these following ones?
S. gigantean.
What can be found in sections of vascular endothelium of heart, kidney in Sarcosporidiosis?
Grps of merozoites/ small schizonts.
Intestinal Sarcosporidiosis can occur in?
Dog, cat, wild Car + man.
Wheat- pea sized + greyish- yellow sarcocysts of.. are found in wall of oesophagus?
S. gigantea.
M. sarcosporidiosis can be found in?
Sheep, cattle, Sus, Eq, rabbit.
What does human need to ingest to get infected with Sarcocystiosis?
Cystozoites.
What is the vector of Hepatozoon canis?
Flea, Lice, Fly
Other.
What are the vertebrates susceptible for Babesiosis?
Birds + mammals.
What is the animal that may abort it’s foetus in consequence of Babesiosis:
Cattle.
What are the host that does ø show haemoglobinuria during Babesia- infection?
Eq.
What word is correct to describe certain form of Babesia?
Sporozoite.
What is the Babesia sp. that can infect dog among the following ones?
B. gibsoni.
In what cells does the Theileria begin to develop inside 1st vertebrate host?
Ly.
What is the sp. among the following ones that has ø any zoonotic significance?
Theileria annulata.
In what cells do Koch bodies occur?
Ly.
What is the correct term to describe the host preferences of Encephalitozoon?
Euryxenous.
What is the staining method that cannot be applied to detect Encephalitozoon spores in tissues?
Haematoxylin eosin staining.
Correct term for host range of Hepatozoonosis:
Obligate heteroxenous.
In which cells do gamonts of Hepatozoon develop?
Neu. gr.
Which symptom is ø present in dog affected with Babeosis:
Abortion.
In which animal does Babeosis infection affect the eyes?
Dog.
Which Babesia has zoonotic significance?
B. bingemina.
What is the difference between the cell preference of Babesia + Theileria?
Theileria can develop in Ly, Babesia does ø.
What is the sp. of Babesia that have zoonotic character?
B. divergens of cow.
What type of animals does Babeosis affect?
Mammals.
Babesia vogeli can infect:
Dogs.
Which cells does Babesia 1st infect?
RBCs.
Which sp. can occur in cattle?
B. divergans.
Which is “ small babesia”?
B. canis.
Form of Theileria that occurs in RBCs:
Piroplasm.
Theileria annulata is seen in which sp.?
Cattle.
What is the size of Koch bodies?
10 - 12 µm.
Koch bodies are:
Schizonts in WBCs.
Vertebrate animals susceptible to Encephalitozoonosis:
Many mammals.
Which staining can’t you use in detection of Encephalitozoa?
HE staining.
In Encephalitozoonosis, eye disorders are seen in which sp.?
Fox, dog.
During necropsy, thickened + nodular v in A. of viscera can be seen with the naked eye in:
Encephalitozoonosis.
Spore of E. cuniculi can be detected where in rabbits?
In urine.
What size are the Encephalitozoon spores?
1.5 x 2.5 m, elliptical/ oval.
Which staining used for Encephalitozoonosis?
Gram +ve.
What kind of organ is affected by Encephalitozoon cuniculi?
Kidney.
What is the name of the development for lice?
Epimorphosis.
How many nymphal stages do lice have?
3.
How long do blood sucking lice survive without host?
Some days only.
What is the blood sucking lice of cats?
ø exist.
Which hosts are blood sucking lice live on?
Mammals.
How many abd segments do lice have?
9.
1 of the anoplura louse sp. of cattle is Lignonathus?
Vituli.
What does a cocoon of a flea contain?
Pupa.
Which way do flea develop?
Holometamorphosis.
Which characteristic for a cat infected with fleas?
Miliary dermatitis.
How many larval stages do flea have?
3.
How big is an adult lice?
1- 14 mm.
Which gender are the biggest lice?
Female.
How are the eyes of the lice?
Reduced/ absent.
How many antennae does Amblycera/ Ischnocera have?
3- 5 segmented antennae.
How many antennae does Anoplura have?
5- segmented antennae.
how long do chewing/ biting lice survive without a host?
1- 2 weeks.
How do the lice spread?
By contact, phoresy.
Which suborder does Felicola subrostratus belong to?
Ichnocera ( chewing/ biting lice).
Which suborder does Solenopotes capillatus belong to?
Anoplura ( blood- sucking lice).
Which is the blood sucking lice of dogs?
Linognathus serosus.
Which is the blood sucking lice of sheep?
Linognathus stenopsis + ovillus + pedalis.
Which are the blood sucking lice of birds?
ø exist.
Which are the chewing/ biting lice of rabbits?
ø exist.
Which are the chewing/ biting lice of Sus?
ø exist.
Which are the chewing/ biting lice of humans?
ø exist.
What is the blood- sucking lice sp. of cattle?
Linognathus vituli, Hematopinus eurysternus, olenopotes capillatus.
How many spiracles do lice have?
6 pairs.
How many abd segments do fleas have?
10.
Genus of rat flea?
Xenopsylla cheopis.
Genus of human flea?
Tunga penetrans.
What is special about Tunga penetrans ( jigger)?
Only the male sucks blood.
Which is characteristic for a dog infected with fleas?
Hotspots on lumbosacral + gluteal region.
How big is an adult flea?
1- 6 mm.
How big are the eggs of flea?
0.5 mm.
In flea infestation, which are the clinical signs?
None.
How does fleas develop?
By holometamorphosis.
Choose the scientific name of horsefly sp.
Tabanus bromlus.
Choose the developmental cycle typical for bedbugs.
Epimetamorphosis.
Choose the developmental cycle typical for diphtherans.
Holometamorphosis.
These sp. never consume blood.
Fannia canicularis, Musca domestica, Muscina stabulans.
Both sexes are haematophagus.
Stomoxys calcitrans, Hematobius irritans.
How many nymphal stages do bugs have?
5.
What does pupa of bugs look like?
ø pupa.
What does the male bedbug feed on?
Blood.
Which bug causes anaemia?
Cimea lectularis ( bed bug).
Respiratory spiracles lay on:
Stigma plate.
How many nymphal stages are there in Darkling beetle?
None.
Diptera whose antenna has only 3 segments?
Tabanus.
Tsetse fly gives birth to:
1 fully- grown 3rd stage larvae.
Size of Tsetse fly:
6- 15 mm.
Which is the largest?
Tsetse.
Adult sp of this genus are always wingless?
Melophagus ovinus.
Which of the following does ø belong to mouthparts?
Antennae.
Their larvae are able to chew into solid materials?
Alphitobius diaperinus.
Development of Family Cullicidae:
( holo) metamorphosis.
Lifecycle of Heteroptera ( Hemiptera)?
Epimorphosis.
What is characteristic of Family Simuliidae?
Pupa is in a slipper- shaped cocoon that is reddish- brown.
Which grp pupates inside a cocoon capsule?
Simuliidae.
Which genus does ø belong to grp of mosquitoes?
Alphitobius.
Choose the insect grp where development in stagnant H2O is typical?
Mosquitoes.
Choose the grp where both sexes feed on blood.
Bedbugs.
Reduced wings are characteristic for?
Bedbugs.
Choose the insect that is ø haematophagous.
Lesser mealworm.
Choose the scientific name of a Blackfly sp.?
Simulium damnosum.
Mottled wings are characteristic for?
Biting midges.
Larvae + puparia of this sp. have lat projections.
Fannia.
Larvae of sp. of this genus are able to feed outside the adults?
Stomoxys.
Both sexes of this sp. consume blood?
Haematobia irritans.
Blowfly
lay eggs.
A freshfly lays
1st instars.
Hypoderma lineatum imagos feeds on
nothing.
1st stage larva of Hypoderma bovis migrate into the
Spinal canal.
Some of the mosquito’s sp. are?
Diurnal.
The female mosquitoes need blood for?
Ovarian development.
Most of the mosquitoes sp. are?
Nocturnal/ crepuscular.
What does the female mouthparts of mosquitoes have?
Piercing- sucking mouthparts ( fleshy labium), paired maxilla + mandibles, hypopharynx, labrum.
Which part of the mosquitoes is entering the skin?
Labrum.
Which part of the mosquitoes is ø entering the skin?
Fleshy labium.
How big are the mosquitoes?
2- 10 mm.
What is characteristic for the male mosquitoes?
Reduced/ absent maxilla.
How is the antenna in female mosquitoes?
Pilose ( hairy).
How is the antenna in male mosquitoes?
Plumose ( feathery).
How does the Anopheles look like?
Characteristically straight, acute angle with surface.
How does Culex, Aedes look like?
Bended at thorax + body is parallel with surface.
How do eggs of mosquitoes look like?
Elongated, ovoid, boat shaped.
Which mosquito lay eggs on H2O?
Anopheles.
Which mosquitoes lay eggs in grps?
Culex.
How many larval instars are there in still freshH2O Anopheles?
4.
How do the mummy- like pupae look like?
Comma- shaped, distinct cephalothorax + abdomen with respiratory trumpets.
Most of the sp. of Blackflies is?
Diurnal.
When is the Blackflies most active?
During the morning/ early evening.
How does the female Blackfly suck blood?
Lacerates tissues until a pool of blood is formed + then takes it up.
Which ones are sp. of Blackfly?
Simulium columbaschense + damnosum.
How are the eyes of the female Blackfly?
Distinctly separated ( dichoptic).
How are the eyes of male Blackfly?
Closer ( holoptic).
Where are the eggs of Blackfly laid?
In batches on stones/ vegetation near running H2O.
How many larval instars of Blackfly?
6- 9.
What is a clinical sign of Blackfly in cattle?
Acute syndrome: simuliotoxicosis.
What is characteristic for both sexes of Sandflies?
Feed on plant juices.
How is the colour of Sandfly?
Dull coloured.
How big is the Sandfly?
5 mm.
How are the wing veins of Sandfly?
Straight lines.
How are the eggs of Sandfly laid?
In cracks, burrows/ holes in ground.
How many larval instars does the Sandfly have?
4.
How big are the Biting midges?
1.5- 5mm.
How many larval instars do Biting midges have?
4.
What are the Muscoid flies called which is associated with man?
Synathropic.
What are the Muscoid flies called which is associated with stables?
Endophilic.
What are the Muscoid flies called which is associated with pastures?
Exophilic.
Which muscoid flies are exophilic?
Musca Automnalis + Hematobius Irritans.
What is in the 1st segment of Muscoid flies?
Inner cephalopharyngeal skeleton.
How many larval instars do Muscoid flies have?
3.
How is the shape of puparium of Muscoid flies?
Barrel shaped.
How big is the Musca domestica/ housefly?
7- 8 mm.
How many segments do larvae of Musca domestica/ housefly have?
12.
How many generations/ yr does the housefly have?
10- 30.
How big is the Fannia canicularis/ lesser housefly?
4- 6 mm.
What order does Fannia canicularis belong to?
Cyclorrhapha of Suborder Brachycera.
Which have a closed peritreme?
Blowfly.
How does the 1st 2 abd segments of Fannia canicularis/ lesser housefly look like?
Yellowish spots.
How big is the Stomoxys calcitrans/ stable fly?
6- 7mm.
How does the Stomoxys calcitrans/ stable fly attack their host?
On lower parts ( belly, limbs).
How big is Musca autumnalis/ facefly?
5- 7 mm.
Which sp. have biological + mechanical vector?
Musca autumnalis/ facefly.
What does the Musca autumnalis feed on?
Secretions around the eyes ( nose, mouth + wounds).
How big is the Haematobia irritans/ horn fly?
4 mm.
What does the horn fly cause?
Intense irritation + blood loss.
Larvae of Hypoderma lineatum migrate into?
Oesophagus.
Where do the Warble flies pupate?
On the ground.
Which one has a 3rd instar larvae called Warble/ grub?
None.
Which fly lays larvae on mammals?
Oestrus ovis.
Where can we find the larvae of O. ovis?
In nasal cavity.
Where does Gastrophilus nasalis finally develop?
Pylorus.
Where the Gasterophilus lays it’s egg?
On shoulders.
How long do larva of sheep nasal botfly develop inside host?
10- 12 mnths.
Members of this genus are facultative parasite?
Lucilia sericata + cuprina.
Where does Lucilia spp belong?
Calliphoridae.
Which have an open peritreme?
Freshflies.
Which one has a 3rd instar larvae called a maggot?
None.
Where does Wohlfahrtia spp belong?
Sarcophagidae.
Which adult female is larviparous?
Wohlfahrtia spp.
Wohlfahrtia Magnifica lays what?
Females lay 1st instar larvae, they are larviparous + obligate parasites.
Which adult females is honeybee like?
Botflies.
How does a Botfly reproduce?
Female attach their eggs to hairs on upper parts of body + then they develop with Holometamorphosis.
Sheep nasal botfly?
1st stage larvae are laid at nostrils.
Host of Gastrophilus nasalis?
Equids.
Fly where both sexes are haematophagous?
Haematoba irritans, Stomoxys Calcitrans.
This sp. causes the scaly leg of poultry.
K. mutans.
This sp causes the scaly face of poultry.
K. pillae.
This host can be infected by only 1 sp. of mange mites.
Sus.
This sp. occurs mainly in lower parts of legs?
Chorioptes bovis.
What chemicals are applied to dissolve the keratinous part of skin scrapings?
Alkalines.
Which of them has segmented pedicels on end of it’s legs?
Psoroptes.
Sp. of this genus of mites are able to survive off the host for a few days only.
Sarcoptes.
These mites have ø respiratory openings on body.
Mange mites.
Where do Sarcoptes mites belong?
Order Acariformes, sub- order Astigmata, Burrowing mites.
Where do Psoroptes mites belong?
Order Acariformes, sub- order Astigmata, Non- burrowing mites.
Which mites have short legs?
Burrowing mites ( Sarcoptes, Knemidokoptes, Notoedres ssp).
Which mites have long legs?
Non- burrowing mites ( Chorioptes, Otodectes, Psoroptes spp.).
Which have Otodectic mange?
Cat.
Which have Sarcoptic mange?
Sus.
Which is the causative agent of depluming itch?
Knemidokoptes gallinae.
Which method is used for the diagnosis of Sarcoptic mange?
Skin scraping.
Which methods are used for diagnosis of Notoedric mange?
Skin scraping.
The sp. of mites that burrow into skin?
Sarcoptes, Knemidokoptes, Notoedres spp.
These mites are able to consume tissue fluids:
Psoroptic mites.
These mites can sometimes cause anemia during heavy infection:
Psoroptic mites.
How many nymph stages are there during the development of mange mites?
2.
Which mites is viviparous?
Knemidokoptes spp.
Which sp has Notoedric mange?
Dog.
What developmental stage of chigger mites feed on vertebrates?
Larvae.
It feeds only at once:
Female hard tick.
What sp. of Cheyletiella occurs in rabbits?
C. parasitivorax.
Their larva is ø able to feed anything.
Red mites.
Hard ticks have… blood feeding developmental stages
3.
How many times do nymphs of hard ticks feed on blood?
Only once.
Where do the soft ticks lay their eggs?
Cracks + crevices.
It is ø true for Demodex
They live on hair.
Their larvae never feed.
Dermanyssus.
They lay their eggs on hair.
Cheyletiella.
This sp. lives on eyelids?
Demodex caballi.
Where does the red mite belong?
Mesostigmatid mites.
For which sp. are huge palps characteristic?
Cheyletiella.
Which animals have D. Phylloides?
Sus.
Which is the smllest overall?
Hair follicle mite.
For which do you collect with scotch tape?
Cheyletiella.
Where do hair follicle mites belong?
Prostigmatid mites.
For which sp. are ciliated setae characteristic?
Trombicula autumnalis, Harvest ( Chigger) mite.
Which animals have “ Argas persicus”?
Poultry, wild birds.
Which is the largest overall?
Female ixodes.
Dragging + flagging is suitable collection for?
Dermacentor marginatus ( hard ticks).
How many forms of Fasciola larvae appear only inside the body of intermediate host?
2.
What is the most important intermediate host of F. hepatica in Europe?
Galba truncatula.
Which animal is the most susceptible for Fasciola infection?
Sheep.
What is the best way to detect lancet fluke eggs in faeces?
Flotation.
What is the larval stage of Paramphistomum that can swim in H2O?
Miracidium.
What age of sheep is most susceptible for acute Fasciolosis?
Lambs < 8mnths.
What is the most frequent consequence if Dicrocoelium infection in cattle?
Symptomless infection.
What term characterizes rumen flukes?
Pinkish body, suckers at both ends, Bisexual, Hermaphrodite.
What larval form is missing during development of lancet flukes?
Redia.
How many larval forms of lancet fluke appear only inside the body of snail?
1.
What snail can be an intermediate host of Paramphistomum cervi?
Planorbis planorbis.
Which animal is least susceptible for Fasciola infection?
Cat.
What is the way to detect fluke eggs in faeces?
Sedimentation.
What is the larval stage of Dicrocoelium that develops in ants?
Metacercaria.
Which age of sheep is the most affected by chronic Fasciolosis?
After 1 yr.
What is the colour of musoca of lips during acute Fasciolosis?
Normal, pink.
What characterizes lancet flukes?
Flat body, Hermaphrodite.
What organ do young rumen fluke attach to 1st, on course of infection?
Duodenum.
How many larval stages of Dicrocoelium can actively move in environment?
0.
What are the intermediate hosts for both Fasciola + Calicophoron flukes?
Galba truncatula snails.
What are the 2nd intermediate host of lancet flukes?
Ant sp.
How many Fasciola metacercariae are needed to cause acute infection in cattle?
> 1000 are enough.
What does the fresh egg of Calicophoron fluke contain?
Zygote.
What genus has the longest praepatent period in final host?
Paramphistomum.
What is the sp. that never causes acute form of a disease?
Dicrocoelium dendriticum.
Which term characterizes Fasciola flukes?
Flat body, head cone.
This is ø absolutely necessary for the development of lancet fluke.
Redia stage, H2O, FreshH2O snail.
Which fluke is the largest?
F. hepatica.
What are the steps of lifecycle of F. hepatica?
MI- SPO- RE1- RE2- CE.
How big is Fasciola hepatica adult?
2- 3cm.
How is the shape of Fasciola hepatica?
Leaf- like.
The lifecycle of…. is MI- SPO- RE1- CE
rumen fluke.
Which sp. develops with 2 intermediate hosts?
D. dendriticum.
Which sp. has 40 - 50 µm, sized, brownish eggs?
Paramphistomum cervi, Schistosoma japonicum, Fascioloides magna
Other.
How can you diagnose acute Fasciolosis?
With necroscopy.
You can find a few mm long worms in liver paremchyma. This is…
F. hepatica.
Which sp. is 140- 150 µm long, and colourless?
Paramphistomum cervi.
How can you diagnose chronic paramphistomatidiosis?
With sedimentation.
You can find a few mm long worms in ductus choleductus. This is
D. dendriticum + F. hepatica.
What is the intermediate host of Paramphistomum sp.?
Planorbids.
What is the intermediate host of Calicophoron daubneyi?
Galba truncatula.
What is the family of Fasciola?
Trematodes.
What technique do you use to measure the size of parasites?
Micrometry.
Which technique concentrates fluke eggs?
Sedimentation.
What is the host spectrum of Fasciola hepatica?
Wide, mostly herbivorous mammals + humans.
What is another name for Fasciola hepatica?
Common liver fluke.
What kind of method is used to detect Fasciola hepatica egg?
Sedimentation method/ flotation.
Where can you find the adult form of Fasciola hepatica?
In bile duct + gallbladder.
Where can you find the juvenile form of Fasciola hepatica?
Penetrate the intestine + migrates to liver via abd cavity.
After the death of F. hepatica flukes what can be found?
Fibrotic tracts/ necrotic areas in liver.
What are special about diagnosis of acute Fasciolosis?
ø eggs in faeces.
How can you treat Fasciolosis?
Triclabendazol.
What is the main source of heavy Fasciolosis?
2º biotopes.
What is the size of eggs of F. hepatica?
120 - 150 µm.
Which colour of eggs does fasciola hepatica have?
Golden yellow.
What does Fasciola hepatica eggs contain?
Zygote.
What surrounds egg of the F. hepatica?
Graulated yolk.
F. hepatica: in body of snail the 1st larva turns into?
Bladder- like sporocyst.
In which stage does the F. hepatica shed their tail?
Cercariae.
How long takes the migration in liver parenchyma of F. hepatica?
4- 6 weeks.
Approximately how long is the praepatent period of F. hepatica?
10 weeks.
What are the definitive hosts of F. hepatica?
All kinds of Ru, mainly hollow- horned ones ( Bo).
What are the most susceptible sp. for Fasciola hepatica?
Sheep, goat, rabbit, hare.
artificially: mouse, rat
What are the moderately susceptible sp. of Fasciola hepatica?
Cattle, deer, roe- deer, moufflon, buffalo + camel. ( artificially: guinea Sus).
What are the least susceptible sp. for Fasciola hepatica?
Eq, Sus, dog, cat, humans.
What can be the symptoms of acute form of Fasciola hepatica?
Rapid weight loss, sudden death.
What colour are the MM in case of subacute Fasciolosis?
Pale.
What can be symptoms of subacute form of Fasciola hepatica?
Severe anaemia, bottle jaw.
What can be the symptoms of chronic form of Fasciola hepatica?
Submandibular oedema, cachexia.
F. hepatica: in case of acute form the young flukes can be found in?
Parenchyma.
F. hepatica: in case of chronic form the flukes can be found?
In biliary ducts + gallbladder.
How big is Fascioloides magna?
2- 10 cm.
What is another name for Fascioloides magna?
Large liver flukes.
What is the size of Fascioloides magna eggs?
110 - 160 µm.
Mixed infections with F. magna + F. hepatica can occur in?
Cattle.
What is the definite host of Fascioloides magna?
Deer.
What is the aberran host of Fascioloides magna?
Sheep, goat.
What is the paratenic host of Fascioloides magna?
Cattle.
Where does the development take place for paramphistomid?
On land + in H2O.
Which snail is amphibious?
Planorbis sp.
How long is the PP of rumen flukes?
16- 18 weeks.
Where can you find immature rumen flukes?
Duodenum + abomasum.
Juvenile form of rumen flukes is found in?
Duodenum.
What colour does the eggs of. rumen flukes have?
Colourless.
What is special about the juvenile rumen flukes?
They never leave intestinal canal during their route from small intestine to forestomach.
In which animal is rumen fluke common?
Wild.
What is the genus name for rumen fluke?
Calicophoron.
Where does the rumen fluke take place?
Rumen + reticulum.
What is the size of rumen fluke?
1 - 2 cm.
What is the shape of rumen fluke?
Bean- like/ conical.
What are the symptoms of chronic/ rumen paramphistomatidosis?
ø symptoms.
Adult rumen flukes are found… during acute paramphistomatidosis?
Nowhere.
To diagnose rumen fluke we can use?
Sedimentation method/ flotation.
How can you diagnose acute form of rumen fluke?
ø eggs in faeces, juvenile flukes in faeces + microscopy.
How can you diagnose the chronic form?
Faecal egg count + necroscopy.
How to treat the acute form of rumen flukes?
Stop grazing, fluke- free pastures, Niclosamide.
How to treat the chronic form of rumen flukes?
Levamizol, Oxikolzanid.
What is the main difference beween eggs of rumen fluke + F. hepatica?
Colour.
What is the size of eggs of lancet flukes?
40 - 48 µm.
Which fluke is the smallest?
Dicrocoelium dendriticum.
What is the development of Dicrocoelium dendriticum in ants?
CE- ME.
What is life cycle of Dicrocoelium dendriticum in snails?
MI- SPO1- SPO2- RE- CE.
When is the miracidium able to hatch in lancet flukes?
If egg is consumed by a land snail.
Acute form was never mentioned in?
Dicrocoeliosis.
Where does the larva of lancet fluke hatch?
In intestines of snails.
Where does the larva of lancet fluke develops?
In body cavity of intermediate host to sporocyst.
What does the sporocyst of lancet fluke produce?
Several generations of other sporocysts ( daughter).
Cercariae of lancet fluke have a sharp spine on tip of head, what is it called?
Stylet.
How do the cercariae of lancet fluke leave snail?
With expelles mucus.
Where does juvenile lancet fluke develop into adults?
Liver, through biliary ducts.
Approximately how long is PP in lancet flukes?
About 7 - 9 weeks.
What is the intermediate host of lancet flukes?
Small land snails may act as 1st intermediate host.
For how long does the infected snail survive in lancet flukes?
1- 4 years.
What is the 2nd intermediate host of lancet flukes?
Ants.
How long do the infected ants of lancet flukes survive for?
Max. 1 yr.
Which biotope is important in dicrocoeliosis?
None.
Where does Schistosomatidosis ( blood fluke disease) occur?
In v.
How is the male of Schistosomiasis?
Broad, flat + inwardly curved forming a groove.
How big is the Schistosomiasis?
0.5 - 3.0 cm long.
How is the lifecycle of Schistosomiasis?
MI - SPO1 - SPO2 - CE.
What is the infective stage of Schistosomiasis?
Furcocercaria.
How is the shape of Schistosomiasis?
Thread- like.
Which of the Schistosoma is most pathologic?
Japonicum.
Which of the Schistosoma is the biggest?
Female.
Schistosoma bovis occurs in which sp?
Cattle, sheep, goat.
Schistosoma bovis can be found in?
Portal, mesenteric + urogenital veins.
Schistosoma mattheei occurs in which sp.?
Domestic + wild ru., zebra, occasionally humans.
Schistosoma mattheei can be found in?
Intestinal, hepatic + bladder veins.
Schistosoma japonicum occurs in which sp.?
Most domestic + wild animals + humans
Schistosoma japonicum can be found in?
Portal + mesenteric veins.
Schistosoma mansoni occurs in which sp.?
Humans.
Schistosoma mansoni will cause?
Bladder Schistosomiasis.
Schistosoma haematobium occurs in which sp.?
Human.
Schistosoma haematobium will cause?
Urinary bladder schistosomiasis.
How big are the eggs of Schistosomiasis?
130 - 280 mm.
How is the shape of the Schistosomiasis?
Spindle- shaped/ Spiny.
What does the eggs of Schistosomiasis contain?
Miracidium when passed out in faeces/ urine.
What are characteristics about the eggs of schistosomiasis?
They are covered in microbarbs, which cling to vascular endothelium.
During acute infection of Schistosomiasis what does cercariae do?
Penetrate skin + causes rash.
Eggs of Schistosomiasis, which is laid in target organs, release Ag + will cause?
Katayama fever.
How can you treat Schistosomiasis?
Praziquantel.
Alariosis is ø very common in?
Dogs + cats, but prevalence in wild Car.
How big is Alaria alata?
2 - 6 mm.
How many intermediate hosts does the Alaria alata have?
2.
What are the intermediate hosts of Alaria alata?
Snails, Tadpoles.
What are the paratenic hosts ( mesocercaria) of Alaria alata?
Wild boar, Sus, poultry, human.
How can you diagnose Alariosis?
Sedimentation, flotation, necroscopy.
What is the colour of Alaria alata?
Yellow.
How can you treat Alariosis?
Praziquantel.
How many suckers does the scolex of Moniezia expansa have?
4.
What is the intermediate host of anoplocephala worms?
Box mite.
What does the egg of Moniezia benedeni contain?
6- hooked oncosphaera.
Which animals are susceptible for Dyphyllobotrium infection?
Dogs.
What is the best way to detect flea tapeworm eggs in faeces?
Flotation.
What is the name of the cestode larva that can swim in H2O?
Coracidium.
The sp. of this genus can act as intermediate host for Diphillidium.
Ctenocephalides, Trichodectes.
These tapeworms can occur in large intestine?
Anoplocephala.
What statement is true for a segment of a cestode?
It is hermaphroditic.
What larval form is missing during development of Moniezia worms?
Coracidium, Plerocercoid.
How many suckers does scolex of Diphyllobotrium worm have?
2.
What are the intermediate hosts of Diphylidium worms?
Fleas.
Which of these features characterize the sexual organ of every cestode?
It is always hermaphroditic.
Which animals are susceptible for Diphylidium infection?
Dogs + Cats.
What is the best way to detect Moniezia eggs in faeces?
Flotation.
This larva always live in arthropods:
Cysticercoid.
These animals can act as intermediate host for Diphyllobotrium:
Fish, Crustaceans.
This organ never occurs in tapeworms.
Oral sucker, Cephalic cone.
The segment of a flea tapeworm
- is longer than broad.
- has 2 genital openings.
- has 2 sets of sexual organs.
- is hermaphroditic.
This stage is missing on course of life cycle of Anocephala worms:
Plerocercoid.
How many hooks does the scolex of Diphyllobotrium worms have?
0.
What is the size of an egg cocoon of flea tapeworms?
About 500 microns.
What does the mature proglottids of a Moniezia benedeni worm contain?
Many testicles, 2 sets of sexual organs.
Which tapeworm can infect humans?
Diphyllobotrium, Diphillidium.
What kind of worms produces eggs without oncospheaera?
Diphyllobotrium.
Which tapeworm produces eggs with angular shape?
Moniezia, Anoplocephala.
Even if they are infected with cestode larva, the following intermediate host are ø able to infect humans?
Copepods, Box mites.
These tapeworms have armed rostellum.
Diphylidium.
What organ is missing from the body of an adult cestode?
Digestive tract.
What larval stage is formed during development of Moniezia worms?
Cysticercoid, Oncosphaera.
What is the most preferred site of E. multilocularis larva in sheep?
Lung.
The name of Taenia hydatigena larva is:
Cysticercus tenuicollis.
Where do the larvae of Taenia hydatigena worms develop?
On liver.
Which hosts are susceptible for larval Taenia crassiceps infection?
Rodents.
This kind of Cysticercus occurs in skeletal m:
C. ovis, C. cellulosae.
What is the size of an Echinococcus. worm?
Around 3- 6 mm.
Intermediate host for Taenia pisiformis
Hare, Rabbit.
What do the fertile cysticerci of Taenia worms contain?
1 scolex.
In case of accidental ingestion, these larvae can infect humans:
Cysticercus bovis, Cysticercus cellulosae.
This larvae has 3 layered wall:
Hydatid cyst.
Echinococcus. worms have:
Rostellum, hooks.
The name of Taenia taeniaformis larva is:
Strobilocercus.
How many proglottids does the E. multilocularis worm have?
5.
Which hosts are susceptible for the larva E. granulosus infection?
Mammals.
Larval stage of Taenia saginata is also called:
Cysticercus bovis.
What is the size of a Taenia type of egg?The sp. of this genus can act as intermediate host for taenia saginata.
50m, Bos.
What do the fertile caverns of E. multilocularis contain?
Protoscolices + gelatinous mass.
Adult Taenia saginata worms have:
Scolex.
Larva of this Taenia lives in SC + IM CT:
T. serialis.
Larval stage of Taenia worms never include:
Coracidium, Cysticercoid.
What are the intermediate hosts of Taenia saginata?
Cattle.
What does the egg of E. multilocularis contain?
6- hooked oncosphaera.
This animal can carry larval Taenia taeniaeformis infection:
Mouse + rat.
What is the adequate way to detect Taenia type of eggs in faeces?
Flotation.
What is the name of cestode larva that develops in CNS?
Coenurus.
This sp. of this genus can act as intermediate host for Taenia solium
Sus.
What does the sterile hydatid cyst contain?
Tissue fluid only.
Where can we find genital opening on mature segment of Taenia sp.?
On 1 side.
What is the larval form that is absent during development of E. worms?
Coracidium, Cysticercoid.
Tapeworm detected by naked eye:
All of them.
How do you diagnose metacestodes?
Necroscopy.
Cestode larvae in immature stage is called?
Cysticercus.
How do we differentiate the eggs of E. granulosa + Taenia multiceps?
ø differentiate.
What is the Coracidium?
Ciliated oncosphere larvae.
If you detect Taenia type eggs in a faecal sample of a dog, it could be infected with:
T. multiceps, Dipylidium caninum, E. granulosus.
How do you detect Cysticercus bovis?
Necropsy + meat inspection.
The eggs of these parasites ø detected:
E. alveolaris, C. pisiformis, C. cellulose.
What kind of tapeworms is in the bile duts of sheep?
None.
Symptoms by Moniezia can be seen:
< 6 months.
What is the shape of Moniezia benedeni eggs?
Quadrangular.
How do we recognise eggs of M. expansa?
Triangular shape.
What is the most effective drug against E.?
Praziquantel.
What is the metacestode form of E. granulosa?
E. hydatidosus.
What is the metacestode form of E. multilocularis?
E. alveolaris.
How many times do the nematodes moult during their ontogenic development?
4.
What is the most important host of Haemonchus contortus?
Sheep.
What is the rate of mortality in case of type II ostertagiosis?
High.
Which of the trichostrongylid worms have the largest eggs?
Nematodirus.
What is the best way to detect eggs of trichostrongylids in faeces?
Flotation.
What is the name of expanded chitinous mouthpart of nematodes?
Buccal capsule.
What genera of worms can cause villous atrophy + erosion in jejunum?
Cooperia, Nematodirus, Trichostrongylus.
What is the method to separate the different trichostrongylid worms in faecal sample?
Faecal culture of larvae.
Eggs of GI worms are:
Thin- shelled.
Which worms can cause haemorrhagic gastritis amt ?
Haemonchus.
What term is correct for nematodes?
- Sexes usually are separated.
- They are covered by cutile.
What sp. can be found in abomasum of cattle?
Ostergia ostertagi.
What kind of morphologic character does ø fit for Haemonchus contortus?
< 1 cm.
What worms can cause submandibular oedema within grp of trichostrongylids?
Haemonchus.
Where does the 3rd molt of trichostrongylid larvae take place?
In mucosa.
What organ can be part of body of nematodes?
Spiculum, Bursa copulatrix, Uterus.
Which worms can produce umbilicated nodules on surface of mucosa?
Ostertagia.
What type of diarrhea can be observed during winter form of ostertagiosis?
Intermittent.
What is a correct term that characterize the Hyostrongylus worms?
Reddish body, small cephalic vesicle.
How long is the PP of GI worms usually?
3 weeks.
How many larval stages do nematodes have on course of their ontogeny?
4.
What sp. can be found in jejunum of sheep?
Cooperia curticei, Nematodirus battus.
What morphological character does ø fit for Nematodirus worms?
Red- white mottled body, Coiled posture.
These worms live in stomach:
Haemonchus, Hyostrongylus.
Where does the 1st molt of trichostrongylide larvae take place?
On pasture.
What can be name of larvae of GI worms after 2nd molt?
Infective larvae, 3rd larvae.
Which worms can produce diphtheritic gastritis?
Hyostrongylus.
What is the rate of morbidity in case of type 1 ( summer form) of ostertagiosis?
High.
Where do the eggs of trichostrongylids hatch?
On pasture.
Hypobiotic period of larvae is always.. than normal PP.
Longer.
Which adult worm is the smallest?
Hyostrongylus ribidus.
What is the cell stage of Hyostrongylus egg in vomitus?
4 - 8 cell stage.
What is the infective stage of Hyostrongylus rubidus?
L3 infective larvae.
What is the Latin name of gizzard worm?
Amidostomum anseris.
Which adult worm is the largest ( max. size)?
Amidostomum anseris.
Gizzard worms effect:
Goslings, ducklings, young aquatic fowls.
Ascarid roundworms in general are
Spindle- shaped.
Parascaris worms may cause
Peritonitis, diarrhoea, Coughing.
What is the shape of eggs of Parascaris worms? Which of the roundworms have eggs with ø elongated, but ovoid shape?
Spherical, Ascaris.
What is the best way to detect the eggs of Toxocara vitulorum?
Flotation.
Ascarid roundworms always produce
Thick shelled eggs.
Typical autopsy/ necroscopy finding on course of ascariosis is
- Cloudy, whitish spots on liver.
- Pneumonia.
The eggs of toxocara canis are
Subglobular, Brown shelled, Thick walled.
The type of lifecycle for Toxocara cati can be
Ascaroid, Toxocaroid.
Which roundworms occur in very young aged final hosts only, but ø in adults?
Toxocara vitulorum.
Ascaris worms may cause
Enteritis, Dyspnea, Coughing.
What is the shape of eggs of Ascaridia worms?
Elongated.
Which of the roundworms have eggs with 3 layered shell?
Parascaris, Ascaris, Ascaridia.
What is the best way to detect the eggs of Parascaris equi?
Flotation.
Ascarid roundworms always
produce zygote containing eggs.
A typical necroscopy finding on course of toxocariosis of young animals is
Enteritis, Haemorrhages in lungs.
The eggs of Toxascaris leonina are
Subspherical, Colourless.
The type of lifecycle for Toxocara canis can be
Ascaroid, Toxocaraoid.
A dog can be infected with
Toxocara, Toxascaris.
Ascarid roundworms in general
- have 3 lips on mouth.
- have separate sexes.
These worms may cause nervous clincial signs sometimes:
Parascaris, Ascaridia, Toxocara.
What is the surface of eggs of Toxocaris worms like?
Smooth.
What host is susceptible for Ascaridia galli?
Duck, Chicken, Guinea fowl.
What is the best way to detect eggs of Toxocara canis?
Flotation.
Ascarid roundworms in general
Have 3 forms of life cycle.
Signs on course of Toxocara vitulorum infection
Enteritis, Acetone-like odour, Abd pain.
The eggs of Ascaris suum have
- 3 layers of wall.
- A zygote inside when they are fresh.
- Mamillated surface.
This worm can settle in histotrop phase in mucosa of intestine:
Ascaridia, Toxascaris.
A cat can be infected with:
Toxocara, Toxascaris.
The size of Ascaridia eggs is
90µm.
Based on morphology of eggs you can recognise these roundworm sp.?
T. leonina.
Toxocara canis adult is about… long?
10 - 18 cm.
Somatic migration of larva is related to this kind of PE-2.
Direct, Ascaroid, Ascaridioid
Other.
The odor of meat can be acetone- like in
Calf.
The surface of egg is smooth of this sp.
T. leonina.
You can detect Toxocara vitulorum eggs from these cattle.
< 4 months old.
Turkeys can be infected with
Ascaridia galli, A. columbae.
What is the size of Ascaris suum egg?
50 - 70 µm.
PE- 2 of Toxocara vitulorum is
Toxocaroid.
The female roundworm is
Oviparous.
PE-2 of this/ these sp. is ø toxocaroid type?
Toxascaris leonina.
How many ways of infection are there in roundworms of dogs?
4.
What is the name of the roundworm sp., which is PE-2 is ascaridioid type?
T. leonina, A. galli.
How are cats infected with roundworm?
/os, paratenic host + galactogenically.
Toxocara vitulorum ø infect?
Eq, dog + cat.
What is the difference between the infection of cat + dog with roundworms?
Cat has ø prenatal route.
What kind of methods are used for detecting roundworm eggs of. piglets?
None.
What is the PE- 2 of Parascaris equorum?
Ascaroid type migration.
What kind of eggs can be mixed with eggs of A. galli?
Heterakis gallinarum.
How can the birds become infected with roundworms?
2 ways: infection by larvated eggs/ by eating paratenic host.
How many eggs of roundworms can be found in faeces of heifers?
ø eggs in heifers.
Which method of transmission results in patency in a T. vitulorum infection?
Galactogenic infection.
How big is the egg of Parascaris equorum?
90- 100 µm.
What is the shape of eggs of Parascaris equorum?
Spherical.
What is the color of egg of Parascaris equorum?
Yellowish brown.
Roundworm that does ø cause liver/ lung lesions?
Ascaridia galli.
Which eggs have similar max. size to Troches vulpis egg?
Toxocara canis.
Which roundworm sp. can also be found in lions?
T. leonina.
Symptoms of hookworm infection are
Erythema, Bloody faeces.
Freshly laid eggs of Bunostomum have
Blastomeres.
Strongyloides worms can live in
Jejunum.
Adult strongylus vulgaris worm has
A buccal capsule.
Strongylidosis can be caused by worms in genus of
Strongylus, Cyathostomum, Cylicocyclus.
Strongylus equinus larvae develop in
Subserosa.
Symptoms of disease, which is caused by dwarf worms, can be the following ones:
Anaemia, Exsiccosis.
The eggs of Strongyloides in faeces are
always larvated, Thin shelled.
Certain sp. of these genera can infect the definitive host percutaneous:
Bunostomum, Strongyloides, Uncinaria.
Ancylostomes can cause haemorrhages in
Duodenum, Jejunum.
Symptoms of hookworm infection are the following ones
Diarrhoea, Circulatory collapse.
Freshly laid eggs of Strongylus have:
Blastomeres.
Strongyloides worms can live
Duodenum.
Adult Strongylus Equinus worm has
A buccal capsule.
Strongylosis can be caused by worms in genus of
Strongylus.
Strongylus edentatus larvae develop in
Wall of portae, liver.
Symptoms of disease which is caused by small strongyles can be
Colic.
The freshly laid eggs of Ancylostoma caninum
- Contain some blastomeres.
- are thin shelled.
Uncinaria can cause hemorrhages in
Duodenum, Jejunum.
We can detect this type of infection by fecal inspection
Strongylidosis, Strongyloidosis.
Larvae of Strongyles can be identified usually
obtained from fecal culture.
Male Strongyloides worms live
Outside of host.
Adult Strongylus edentatus worm has
2 speculums.
These worms live in small intestine
Strongyloides, Bunostomum, Uncinaria.
Strongylus equinus larva has …. gut cells.
16.
Strongyloides westeri live in
Eq.
These worms can live as adults outside the host:
Strongyloides.
Sp. of these grps of worms can cause respiratory signs:
Hookworms, Dwarf worms.
These worms can cause clinical symptoms in young animals only:
Strongyloides.
Strongylidosis cannot be caused by worms in genera of:
Strongyloides.
the freshly laid eggs of Ancylostoma caninum are
Always morulated, Thin shelled.
Which sp. cannot infect dog?
A. tubaeforme.
There are 2 tooth- like projections in buccal capsule. This is?
S. vulgaria.
What is the size of eggs of Dwarf worms?
40 - 50µm.
The larva of this sp. occurs in liver.
S. edentatus.
You can find 8 gut cells in L3 strongyle. This is
small strongyles.
The host of Bunostomosis trigonocephalum is
Eq, Sus, Cattle
Other.
What is the size of strongyle type eggs of Eq?
70 - 80µm.
What is the size of Strongyloides spp?
2 - 8 mm.
You cannot find tooth- like projections in buccal capsule. This is?
S. edentatus.
Which is the longest strongyle L3?
S. vulgaris.
During necroscopy where can we find hookworms in dog + cat?
Small intestine.
Where + how do we recognise a hookworm?
Small intestione, big buccal capsule with teeth like projections.
How does hookworms cause host damage?
They are blood feeders, + they change location causing blood loss, clotted/ unclotted blood in faeces.
How are puppies infected with hookworms?
/os, percutan, galactogenic infection, prenatal + by paratenic host.
What is the difference between infection of cat + dog with hookworms?
Cat has ø prenatal route.
What can you detect in fecal samples of 2 day old piglets infected with Strongyloides ransomi?
Nothing.
During necroscopy, where can you find adults of Strongyloides?
Duodenum.
How can Eq become infected with Dwarf worms?
Colostral + lactogenic infection.
Which animals can become infected with Dwarf worms?
Eq, Sus, Ru, Car.
The size of Heterakis eggs is
65- 80 µm.
Oesophagostomum worms have
Cephalic vesicle, Speculums.
The length of female common pinworm is
4- 15cm.
Adult whipworm has
- Tapered ant part.
- Broad post part.
Whipworms can cause
Typhilitis, Anaemia.
The size of Ascaridia eggs is
90 µm.
Nodular worms live in
Caecum.
The body of female common pinworm is
Grey- white.
How long are whipworms?
3 - 8 cm.
Eggs of these worms have polar plugs:
Capillaria, Trichuris.
The surface of Heterakis eggs is
Smooth.
Oesoophagosomum worms have
Shallow buccal capsule.
How many sp. of whipworms live in domestic Ru.?
4.
Whipworms can cause
Ulcers.
Surface of Ascaridia eggs is
Smooth.
Adult nodular worms live in
Colon.
Eggs of common pinworm are
- Flattened on 1 side,(Asymmetrical).
- Thick shelled.
- Operculated.
- Yellow.
The freshly laid eggs of these worms contain morula/ blastomers:
Pinworms, Nodular worms.
The size of eggs of whipworms is
40 - 80 µm.
The length of Heterakis worms is
About 1 cm.
Oesophagostomum venulosum lives in
Goat.
We inspect the presence of pinworms by
Adhesive tape.
These worms have thin- shelled eggs:
Oesophagostomum.
Heterakis dispar infects
Duck, Goose.
Osophagostomum columbianum lives in
Sheep.
Eggs of common pinworms are frequently found
Around anus.
Sp. of these grps of worms can cause hemorrhagic enteritis:
Nodular + Heterakis + Whipworms.
These worms can infect Sus:
Nodular, Whip- + GI worms.
Which sp can occur in ducks?
H. dispar
Which sp. can be found in ileum?
Oe. radiatum.
What can you find in eggs of O. equi?
Morula.
What kind of infection cannot be diagnosed with flotation method?
Oxyuriasis.
What is the size of Trichuris vulpis?
3.0 - 8.0 cm.
Which sp. can occur in rabbit?
T. leporis.
What is the size of Oxyuris equi male?
1.0 - 2.0 cm.
The eggs of H. gallinarum are very similar to?
Ascaridia.
T. discolor can infect?
Sheep.
You can find “ lemon- shaped” eggs. These eggs of
Trichuris.
Which sp. can occur in geese?
H. dispar.
The eggs are 40x 90 µm in size, ovoid, yellow, slightly flattened on 1 side, thick shelled, operculated, in the stage of morula. This is?
O. equi.
The eggs of Oe. dentatum are very similar to?
H. rubidus.
What kind of sp. cannot be infected with T. vulpis?
Hare.
What is the size of minute pinworm?
0.1 - 0.3 cm.
Which sp. cannot occur in Ru?
T. leporis.
What is the size of Heterakis worms?
0.7 - 1.5 cm.
What kind of method is used for detection O. equi infection?
Flotation, Sedimentation, Bermann
Other.
Which sp. can infect wild boar?
Oe venulosum, Oe suis, Oe. columbianum
Other.
Names of nodular worm infections in Sus?
Oe. dentatum + Oe. quadrispinulatum.
How many Oesophagostomum sp. exist in Sus?
2.
Passalurus ambiguus is what worm?
Pinworm of rabbits + hare.
Crenosoma worms live in
Trachea, Bronchi.
Metastrongylus salmi delivers
Eggs with larva.
Dictyocaulus arnfieldi lives in
Eq.
Syngamus worms are most infective for hosts, which are
< 2- 3 months.
Felids are susceptible to infection by these worms:
Aerulostrongylus abstrusus, Angiostrongylus vasorum, Oslerus rostratus.
Capillaria aerophilia lives in
Trachea, Bronchi.
These infections can be detected by flotation of eggs in fecal sample:
Metastrongylus, Capillaria.
Dictyocaulus arnfieldi appears as… in fresh feces.
Larvated egg.
Paratenic host might be involved in lifecycle in these worms:
Capillaria.
Their intermediate hosts are earthworms:
Metastrongylus.
Angiostrongylus worms live in
Pulmonary A, Ventricle of heart.
The best way of detection of Oslerus infection is
Endoscopy of trachea.
Dictyocaulus eckerti lives in
Deer.
Syngamus worms occur mainly in
Chickens, Pheasants.
Canids are susceptible to infection by these worms
Crenosoma vulpis, Angiostrongylus vasorum.
Oslerus osleri lives in
Trachea, Bronchi.
These infections cannot be detected by flotation of eggs in fecal sample:
Crenosoma, Angiostrongylus.
Metastrongylus apri appears as… in fresh faeces.
Larvated egg.
Intermediate hosts are ø required for life cycle in these worms:
Dictyocaulus filaria.
Their intermediate hosts are snails
Crenosoma.
Metastrongylus worms live in
Bronchi.
A commercial serology test can be applied to detect this infection
Aelurostrongylosis.
Dictyocaulus viviparous lives in
Deer and cattle.
Syngamus worm lay
Operculated egg.
Small Ru. are susceptible to infection by these worms
Dictyocaulus filaria.
Their intermediate hosts are snails
Angiostrongylus.
These infections can be detected by flotation of eggs in fecal sample
Metastrongylus.
Which cannot be intermediate hosts of Syngamus trachea?( Earthworm, Snail, Slug).
None.
What kind of parasitosis can occur in Eq?
Dictyocaulosis.
Which develops directly?
C. aerophila.
What can you find in the fecal sample of a sheep infected with Dictyocaulus filaria?
L1.
What is the size of French heartworm?
1.4- 2.5 cm.
What can you find in fecal sample of a dog infected with Oslerus rostratus?
L1.
What is the size of. Syngamus trachea?
0.5- 3.0 cm.
You can find Capillaria aerophilla in
Cat.
You can find barrel shaped eggs in fecal sample of?
Capillariosis.
How can you recognise Syngamus adults?
Y shaped, red females + white males in permanent copulation.
How are birds infected with Syngamus?
L3 larvated eggs.
What can we find in feaces of Sus infected with lungworm?
Eggs containing L1.
Life cycle of Protostrongylids?
Indirect.
Lungworm of Sus
M.salmi, M.pudendotectus + M apri.
Shape of Syngamus eggs?
Ellipsoidal.
How can a dog become infected with Filaroides?
L1 in vomit, saliva, faeces.
Which diagnostic method can detect A. vasorum?
Larval isolation.
Name of cat lungworm?
Aelurostrongylus abstrusus.
Which lungworm has lemon shaped eggs?
Capillaria aerophila.
How do we detect Crenosoma vulpis?
L1 in faeces.
What is the correct route for ascaroid type roundworms:
Small intestine- liver- lungs- trachea- pharynx- small intestine.
Zygote containing egg of F. hepatica develops into
Ciliated larva ( miracidium) in H2O within 2 weeks.
What is the size of eggs of F. hepatica?
120 - 150 µm.
Juvenile form of rumen flukes is found in?
Duodenum.
Which of the following can cause dermatitis in percutan infection?
Ancylostomosis.
Which of the following is 0.5 - 2 cm in length?
Triodontophorus.
What is the predilection site of adult Strongylidosis?
Caecum + colon.
Waht are the size of eggs of Dwarf worms?
40 - 50 µm.
What is characteristic of S. vulgaris?
Stumpy, short.
These worms cannot infect Sus
Pinworms.
What can you find in eggs of O. equi?
Morula.
Has a golden yellow egg, with zygote in it
Liver fluke.
Most susceptible, artificial host of F. hepatica:
Mouse.
Rediae are
3rd larval form in fasciola.
What is the latin name of red stomach worm?
Hyostrongylus rubidus.
Which morphological character is true for Haemonchus contortus?
- Looks like barber’s pole.
- Buccal lancet in mouth.
- Haemorrhagic gastritis in necropsy.
Which size is eggs of A. anseris?
90 - 100 µm.
Which organ can be aprt of body of nematodes?
Uterus, Bursa copulatrix.
Clinical signs of hyostrongylosis infection
Asymptomatic.
Host of Bunostomum phlebotomum:
Cattle.
Characteristics of male nematodes
Ejaculatory duct, Cloaca, Copulatory bursa.
Necropsy findings of Amidostomosis
- Haemorrhages on mucosa of gizzard.
- Horny lining of gizzard is loosened.
Predilection site of T. axei
- Abomasum of cattle.
- Abomasum of sheep + goat.
What is the shape of threadworms in general?
Cylindrical.
Is lifecycle of threadworms
Indirect + direct.
What sp can the red stomach worm affect?
Sus, wild boar.
What sp. are host for Amidostomum anseria?
Ducklings, Goslings.
What is. the predilection site of tricuspis?
Stomach.
How long is Haemonchus contortus?
1- 3 cm.
Where do eggs of Haemonchus contortus hatch?
In environment.
What are the clinical signs for acute Haemonchosis?
Anaemia, Submandibular oedema.
Which threadworm causes chronic catarrhal croutons diphtheric gastritis?
Hyostrongylus rubidus.
” milk spots” can be found on surface of liver because of which roundworm sp?
Ascaris suum.
Choose incorrect answer
Roundworms have a buccal capsule.
Which of the following is correct about roundworm eggs
have 1 cell stage.
Which roundworms have a direct lifecycle
Pascaris equorum, Toxocara vitulorum, Ascaridia dissimilis.
How big are T. canis eggs?
75- 90 µm.
Which sp. have ascaroid type PE-2 ?
Ascaris suum, Toxocara canis.
